The investigation of the mechanisms of drug abuse and addiction showed great advances in the last decades. New concepts emerged from the scientific evidences on behavioral and neural aspects of this phenomenon. However, the biggest challenge for the future is the identification of which risk factors are implicated in the transition from controlled to compulsive drug use. Stress has been pointed as an important factor related to initiation, maintenance and relapse to drug use. In the present paper we discuss the concepts and theories of drug addiction, and the main behavioral pre-clinical evidences showing the relationship between stress and psychostimulant addiction.
Stress; Addiction; Psychostimulants; Ortogenesis