BACKGROUND: Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) has regained interest since the onset of percutaneous aortic valve replacement (PAVR) as it can be repeated as a bridge to transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and is also a good strategy for patient selection. METHOD: From January 2001 to January 2009, 174 consecutive patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) and high surgical risk calculated by EuroSCORE/STS underwent BAV in France and Argentina using the same technique. Twenty one (12.1%) of these patients underwent repeat BAV for restenosis and the results were compared with those of the 153 patients undergoing the primary procedure. The most used technique was retrograde access by femoral approach, using 10, 12 or 14 F introducers, with balloons sizes ranging from 20 to 23 mm. RESULTS: Patients' mean age was 80.4 ± 9.7 years and EuroSCORE was 21 ± 2%. The retrograde femoral approach was used in 95% of the cases. Results of the primary procedure were as follows: aortic valve area (AVA) increased from 0.9 ± 19 cm² to 1.02 ± 0.20 cm² and mean gradient decreased from 50 ± 21 mmHg to 22 ± 11 mmHg. The results were similar after repeat BAV in terms of AVA, with an improvement of 0.60 ± 0.1 cm² to 1.01 ± 0.25 cm² in a period of 13 ± 9 months between the two procedures. The rates of complications were: death, 3.3% vs. 9.5% (P = 0.20); embolic stroke, 1.3% vs. 0 (P = 0.20); massive aortic regurgitation, 3.3% vs. 9.5% (P = 0.20); balloon burst, 1.3% vs. 0 (P = 0.20); pericardial tamponade, 0 vs. 5% (P = 0.12); and vascular complications, 3.9% vs. 0.5% (P = 0.25). Forty eight patients (27.5%) were selected as good candidates for PAVR during the follow up period in both countries. Thirty six patients underwent PAVR in France and four patients in Argentina. CONCLUSIONS: Repeat BAV is a useful strategy in nonsurgical elderly patients with severe symptomatic AS to relieve symptoms after restenosis and as a bridge to transcatheter aortic valve implantation. This technique can be repeated with low complication rates.
Aortic valve stenosis; Aortic valve; Balloon dilatation; Heart valve prosthesis implantation
