Mesenchymal stem cells represent a rare subpopulation of bone marrow stem cells (< 0.01% of mononuclear cells originated from bone marrow) with capacity for in vitro mitotic expansion. Because they split and proliferate easily, mesenchymal stem cells are believed to be responsible for the maintenance and renovation of adult mesenchymal tissues, including the cardiac muscle. One of the virtues of this type of cell is their immunosuppressive activity, avoiding therefore the adverse events related to graft rejection by the host (graft versus host disease). Mesenchymal stem cells have been extensively studied, both in pre-clinical and clinical trials. We believe that once some challenges regarding their isolation, preparation and mode of delivery are overcome, these cells may, in the near future, represent the ideal cell type for cardiac regeneration.
stem cells; mesenchymal stem cells; therapeutics; myocardium