Efficacy of Pectoralis Nerve Block in Postoperative Pain Control in Breast Surgeries: Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction  Proper postoperative pain management in breast surgeries reduces complications, improves patient comfort, and decreases opioid use. Pectoralis nerve (PECS) blocks I and II are effective peripheral analgesic techniques in this context, promoting hemodynamic stability and faster recovery. The present article reviews the literature on PECS block efficacy in breast surgery analgesia and its relationship with reduced opioid use.

Materials and Methods  We performed a systematic search in the PubMed database using the keywords breast surgery, pectoral nerve block, and opioid use. We included clinical trials published from January 2016 to April 2023 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish on the effects of PECS blocks I and II in breast surgeries, with a focus on pain control, opioid use, antiemetic requirements, length of hospital stay, and associated complications. We selected 14 articles after applying the eligibility criteria.

Results  The PECS blocks demonstrated superior postoperative analgesia and reduced opioid use compared to general anesthesia or other interfascial blocks. They also resulted in lower rescue analgesia requirements and fewer complications.

Conclusion  The PECS blocks are an effective strategy for postoperative pain management in breast surgeries, reducing opioid use and its adverse effects, while promoting better patient recovery.

Keywords
analgesia; Breast; opioid analgesics; pain; postoperative pain