The water balance study in soils with sugarcane, cropped in large areas in Brazil, is essential for the agricultural management to increase the crop productivity and to reduce pollution risks. The objective of this research was to evaluate soil water balance equation components of two Oxisols under sugar-cane (first crop), in the counties of Jaboticabal and Pirassununga, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The study was carried out in an experimental area in Pirassununga (21 º 55 ' 54 '' S, 47 º 10 ' 54 '' W, 650 m), for only one level (120 kg ha-1) of nitrogen, in four replications. In Jaboticabal (21 º 19 ' 98 '' S, 48 º 19 ' 03 '' W, 600 m), two nitrogen levels were used: 0 kg ha-1 (treatment 1-T1) and 120 kg ha-1 (treatment 2-T2). In Pirassununga, the experiments were evaluated between September 28, 2005 and June 08, 2006 and, in Jaboticabal, between September 30, 2005 and July 12, 2006. The upper limit of the control volume used for the water balance was the soil surface and the lower limit a surface at a soil depth of 0.90 m, parallel to the soil surface. Soil water storage variations, soil water inputs (rain and capillary rise) and soil water outputs (internal drainage and actual evapotranspiration) were determined in 13 and 10 monitoring periods, in Jaboticabal and Pirassununga, respectively. Both studied areas were plane and non irrigated. In the area in Jaboticabal, both internal drainage and capillary rise were greater in treatment T2 (-191.69 mm/5.33 mm and -238.37 mm/24.60 mm for T1 and T2, respectively) for the entire period; there was no significant difference in yield (145 and 146 t ha-1 for T1 and T2, respectively) and also in actual evapotranspiration (1058 mm for T1 and 1028 mm for T2) between the treatments in this sugar-cane cycle, so that the water use efficiency of plants without nitrogen fertilization was the same (14 kg m-3) as of those with nitrogen fertilization. In Pirassununga, internal drainage and capillary rise were -110.9 and 0.67 mm, respectively and the water use efficiency 13 kg m-3. It can therefore be concluded that (a) internal drainage was relevant in the high rainfall periods, which warns for possible problems in soil management due to the risk of groundwater contamination, and (b) the actual evapotranspiration and the water use efficiency were in the same order of magnitude, independently of nitrogen fertilization; and soil water storage was practically the same from the beginning to the end of the studied cycle.
internal drainage; capillary rise; actual evapotranspiration; tensiometers
