THE RESURRECTION PLANT <i>TRIPOGON SPICATUS</i> (POACEAE) HARBORS A DIVERSITY OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZILIAN CAATINGA

Fernandes-Júnior, Paulo Ivan; Aidar, Saulo de Tarso; Morgante, Carolina Vianna; Gava, Carlos Alberto Tuão; Zilli, Jerri Édson; Souza, Layane Silva Barbosa de; Marinho, Rita de Cássia Nunes; Nóbrega, Rafaela Simão Abrahão; Brasil, Marivaine da Silva; Seido, Sirando Lima; Martins, Lindete Míria Vieira

doi:10.1590/01000683rbcs20140646

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DIVISÃO 2 - PROCESSOS E PROPRIEDADES DO SOLO • Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo 39 (4) • Jul-Aug 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20140646 copy

THE RESURRECTION PLANT TRIPOGON SPICATUS (POACEAE) HARBORS A DIVERSITY OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING BACTERIA IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZILIAN CAATINGA

A PLANTA REVIVESCENTE TRIPOGON SPICATUS (POACEAE) ABRIGA UMA DIVERSIDADE DE BACTÉRIAS PROMOTORAS DE CRESCIMENTO VEGETAL NA CAATINGA, REGIÃO NORDESTE DO BRASIL

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Plant species that naturally occur in the Brazilian Caatinga(xeric shrubland) adapt in several ways to these harsh conditions, and that can be exploited to increase crop production. Among the strategic adaptations to confront low water availability, desiccation tolerance stands out. Up to now, the association of those species with beneficial soil microorganisms is not well understood. The aim of this study was to characterize Tripogon spicatusdiazotrophic bacterial isolates from the Caatingabiome and evaluate their ability to promote plant growth in rice. Sixteen bacterial isolates were studied in regard to their taxonomic position by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, putative diazotrophic capacity, in vitro indole-acetic acid (IAA) production and calcium phosphate solubilization, metabolism of nine different C sources in semi-solid media, tolerance to different concentrations of NaCl to pHs and intrinsic resistance to nine antibiotics. Finally, the ability of the bacterial isolates to promote plant growth was evaluated using rice (Oryza sativa) as a model plant. Among the 16 isolates evaluated, eight of them were classified as Enterobacteriaceae members, related to Enterobacter andPantoea genera. Six other bacteria were related toBacillus, and the remaining two were related toRhizobium and Stenotrophomonas. The evaluation of total N incorporation into the semi-solid medium indicated that all the bacteria studied have putative diazotrophic capacity. Two bacteria were able to produce more IAA than that observed for the strain BR 11175^Tof Herbaspirillum seropedicae. Bacterial isolates were also able to form a microaerophilic pellicle in a semi-solid medium supplemented with different NaCl concentrations up to 1.27 mol L^-1. Intrinsic resistance to antibiotics and the metabolism of different C sources indicated a great variation in physiological profile. Seven isolates were able to promote rice growth, and two bacteria were more efficient than the reference strainAzospirillum brasilense, Ab-V5. The results indicate the potential of T. spicatus as native plant source of plant growth promoting bacteria.

biological nitrogen fixation; inoculant; diazotrophic bacteria; Semi-arid; desiccation tolerant plants

Isolate	Fragment length	Genus	Similarity	e value
	bp		%
ESA 0001	725	Pantoea sp.	99	0.0
ESA 0002	673	Bacillus sp.	100	0.0
ESA 0003	711	Enterobacter sp.	100	0.0
ESA 0004	690	Enterobacter sp.	99	0.0
ESA 0005	693	Enterobacter sp.	99	0.0
ESA 0006	714	Enterobacter sp.	99	0.0
ESA 0007	593	Bacillus sp.	99	0.0
ESA 0008	703	Stenotrophomonas sp.	99	0.0
ESA 0009	693	Pantoea sp.	100	0.0
ESA 0010	673	Enterobacter sp.	99	0.0
ESA 0011	567	Enterobacter sp.	99	0.0
ESA 0012	534	Bacillus sp.	100	0.0
ESA 0013	704	Bacillus sp.	99	0.0
ESA 0014	678	Bacillus sp.	100	0.0
ESA 0015	768	Rhizobium sp.	100	0.0
ESA 0016	770	Bacillus sp.	99	0.0

Bacteria	N content	IAA content	Solubilization index
	µg mL^-1

CIAT 899^T	3.5 c	nd	-
BR 11175^T	nd	37.3 c	nd
Ab-V5	35.0 a	nd	-
ESA 0001	14.0 b	5.9 g	1.2 b
ESA 0002	23.3 a	42.7 c	-
ESA 0003	17.5 b	36.8 c	2.1 a
ESA 0004	23.3 a	6.9 g	-
ESA 0005	31.5 a	30.8 d	-
ESA 0006	35.0 a	8.6 g	-
ESA 0007	25.7 a	5.9 g	-
ESA 0008	25.7 a	6.8 g	-
ESA 0009	14.0 b	-	1.1 b
ESA 0010	30.3 a	25.7 e	-
ESA 0011	30.3 a	40.8 c	-
ESA 0012	30.3 a	51.7 b	-
ESA 0013	30.3 a	5.8 g	-
ESA 0014	42.0 a	41.1 c	-
ESA 0015	30.3 a	87.0 a	-
ESA 0016	35.0 a	12.1 f	1.3 b
CV (%)	19.2	6.5	5.6

	ESA	ESA	ESA	ESA	ESA	ESA	ESA	ESA	ESA	ESA	ESA	ESA	ESA	ESA	ESA	ESA
	0001	0002	0003	0004	0005	0006	0007	0008	0009	0010	0011	0012	0013	0014	0015	0016
	Maximum NaCl concentration with microaerophilic growth (mol L^-1)
	1.27	0.17	1.27	0.52	1.27	0.86	1.27	0.09	0.17	1.27	0.86	1.27	1.27	0.52	0.86	1.27
pH of the medium
4	-	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	+
9	-	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Metabolism of carbon source⁽¹⁾
Malic acid	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+
Glucose	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	-	+
Mannitol	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	+
Arabinose	-	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+
Citric acid	-	+	-	+	-	+	+	-	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	+
Maltose	+	-	-	+	-	+	+	-	+	-	+	+	+	+	-	+
Xylose	-	+	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	-
Sucrose	+	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	+	-	+	-	+	+	-	+
Fructose	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-	+	+	-	-
Intrinsic antibiotic resistance⁽²⁾
Nalidixic Acid	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	+	+	-	-	-	+	+	-	+
Streptomycin	+	+	+	-	-	+	-	-	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+
Ampicillin	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Gentamicin	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	-	-
Vancomycin	+	-	-	-	-	+	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	+	+	+
Chloramphenicol	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	-	-	+	+	+
Erythromycin	+	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	+	+	-	+	-	+
Neomycin	-	-	-	+	-	+	-	-	-	+	-	-	+	-	-	-
Riphampicin	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	-	+	+	+	+

Inoculation treatment	Dry weight
Inoculation treatment	Shoot	Root	Whole plant
	g/plant

ESA 0001	1.10 a	0.61 a	1.71 a
ESA 0016	0.77 b	0.46 a	1.23 a
ESA 0015	0.74 b	0.46 a	1.20 b
ESA 0007	0.70 c	0.50 a	1.20 b
ESA 0014	0.66 c	0.49 a	1.15 b
ESA 0011	0.57 c	0.57 a	1.14 b
ESA 0013	0.63 c	0.41 b	1.04 b
ESA 0004	0.62 c	0.41 b	1.03 c
ESA 0003	0.61 c	0.40 b	1.01 c
ESA 0012	0.58 c	0.39 b	0.97 c
ESA 0005	0.52 c	0.40 b	0.92 c
ESA 0008	0.53 c	0.39 b	0.92 c
ESA 0010	0.48 c	0.31 b	0.79 c
ESA 0006	0.48 c	0.30 b	0.78 c
ESA 0009	0.47 c	0.28 b	0.75 c
ESA 0002	0.42 c	0.31 b	0.73 c
Ab-V5	0.58 c	0.54 a	1.13 b
50 mg/plant of N	0.58 c	0.36 b	0.94 c
100 mg/plant of N	1.00 a	0.65 a	1.65 a
CV (%)	13.25	13.46	12.21

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:paulo.ivan@embrapa.br