Based on the seven year-productivities (1989 to 1995) of 36 cacao-producing areas, on a farm in southern of Bahia, Brazil, the average of the three most and least productive years was obtained corresponding, respectively, to the highest and lowest rain availability. By path analysis, these productivities were related to both the soil morphological-physical characteristics (A-horizon depth; color, soil and particle densities of A and B horizons; texture of soil layers at 0-20 and 30-50 cm depth and the presence of gravel or stones down to a 50 cm depth) and the element contents (Ti, K, Fe, Mn, Zn) extracted from a 30-50 cm depth layer by using concentrated sulfuric acid. The micronutrients extracted by the concentrated sulfuric acid were correlated with those extracted by Mehlich-1. Generally, the physical characteristics showed a better correlation with the drier years' productivity whereas the element contents extracted by concentrated sulfuric acid showed a better correlation with that of rainier years. The most productive areas were those having a deeper A horizon, a soil with greater porosity, higher contents of Ti and cationic micronutrients, and a lower content of K, all extracted by concentrated sulfuric acid. During the drier years, the most productive areas were those with higher contents of clay and lower contents of silt and sand. Gravel occurrence down to 50 cm depth and the color of the soil horizons did not correlate significantly with plant productivy. Cu, Mn and, or Zn contents, extracted by concentrated sulfuric acid, indicated soils of greater fertility in cationic micronutrients for the cacao tree.
Thebroma cacao; productivity; physical characteristics; nutrient stock; path analysis