The determination of the non-reacted lime fraction in the soil ("residual lime") after initial surface application of lime without incorporation in no-tillage systems can be important to determine when lime reapplication is necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate: the exchangeable Ca and Mg contents, extracted by percolation with a KCl solution or ion exchange resin; the quantity of applied lime that had not reacted in the soil, determined based on the non-exchangeable Ca and Mg contents; and the effect of the phosphogypsum on the exchangeable Ca and Mg contents and the surface lime dissolution, 18 months after application. The experiment was carried out on a Haplorthox (Oxisol) in Botucatu County, São Paulo State, Brazil. It was adopted a randomized complete block design in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. The plots were composed by four dolomitic limestone levels (0; 1,100; 2,700; and 4,300 kg ha-1) with Neutralization Power = 84.3 % and Reactivity = 84.5 %. The subplots consisted of two phosphogypsum levels (0 and 2,100 kg ha-1). Both lime and phosphogypsum were surface-applied, without incorporation. There was a high correlation between exchangeable Ca and Mg determined through percolation of a KCl solution and that by ion exchange resin methods. The ion exchange resin method overestimated exchangeable Ca and Mg contents in soil with recent lime surface application. Surface application of phosphogypsum reduced lime dissolution in the surface layer (0-0.10 m). The non-exchangeable Ca and Mg contents may be used to estimate the amount of soil residual lime.
phosphogypsum; surface application; cation; liming; residual lime; exchangeable cation
