Gas exchange and yield of industrial tomato under different types of irrigation and non-woven fabric plant cover

Silva, Cícero J. da; Santos, Ygor A. de O.; Guimarães, Claudinei M.; Megguer, Clarice A.; Golynski, Adelmo; Rodrigues, Rhayf E.; Pontes, Nadson de C.; Freitas, Denise D.; Rizo, Ariela A. I.; Santos, Murilo A. dos

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n2e271470

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Original Article • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 28 (2) • Feb 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v28n2e271470 copy

Gas exchange and yield of industrial tomato under different types of irrigation and non-woven fabric plant cover¹ 1 Research developed at Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Morrinhos, Morrinhos, GO, Brazil

Trocas gasosas e produtividade do tomateiro industrial sob diferentes tipos de irrigação e tela não-tecida para cobertura da planta

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS:

Uninterrupted white and red non-woven cover favors tomato physiological characteristics.

Coverage with red non-woven fabric removed between 30 and 60 days after transplanting re-duces fruit yield.

Surface (conventional) and subsurface (underground) drip systems are equally efficient in water replacement of tomato plants.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different colors and management of polypropylene non-woven fabric coverings and two different localized irrigation systems on the physiological characteristics and yield of industrial tomatoes. The experiment was installed in a randomized block design arranged in a split-plot scheme with four replications. Surface and subsurface drip were used in the plots, and five plant cover strategies with non-woven fabric in the subplots: i) without non-woven fabric; ii) coverage with white non-woven fabric; iii) coverage with white non-woven fabric, removed between 30 and 60 days after transplanting the seedlings; iv) coverage with red non-woven fabric; v) coverage with red non-woven fabric, removed between 30 and 60 days after transplanting. Photosynthesis, transpiration, electron transport rate, stomatal conductance, carbon concentration, total fruit yield, and water use efficiency were evaluated. ANOVA and the Scott-Knott test were used. Transpiration is favored by the white non-woven fabric and the stomatal conductance by the white and uninterrupted red one. However, the tomato yield is not influenced by the coverings, except for the red one, removed only between 30 and 60 days after transplanting, which is the worst condition for industrial tomato production. Surface and subsurface irrigation can be used with the same efficiency.

Key words:
Solanum lycopersicum; agrotextile; protected cultivation; drip irrigation

pH (H₂O)	P	K	Ca	Mg	Al	H + Al	OM	BS
pH (H₂O)	(mg dm^-3)		(cmol_c dm^-3)				(%)
6.1	14.9	90.0	3.09	1.19	0	2.70	3.60	75.56

Source of variation	DF	Mean squares
Source of variation	DF	E		A		WUE		[Ci/Ca]			gs		ETR
55 DAT
Irrigation (I)	1	24.186	^ns	19.429	^ns	0.701	^ns	0.016		^ns	0.301	^ns	380.904	^ns
Block	3	2.745	^ns	31.534	^ns	0.327	^ns	1.100		^ns	0.007	^ns	2201.962	^ns
Residue 1	3	13.741		7.664		0.774		0.006			0.089		1043.964
Non-woven (NW)	4	2.546	^ns	30.004	^ns	0.268	^ns	0.002		^ns	0.029	^ns	2108.110	^ns
I × NW	4	7.728	^ns	24.508	^ns	0.282	^ns	0.002		^ns	0.063	^ns	164.041	^ns
Residue 2	24	5.197		13.177		0.285		0.002			0.045		1667.806
Total	39	239.472		671.331		13.157		0.109			2.046		59234.649
CV 1 (%)		38.40		10.26		30.18		10.24			45.94		20.36
CV 2 (%)		23.61		13.45		18.33		6.49			32.65		25.74
Overall average		9.654		26.994		2.915		0.759			0.651		158.661
80 DAT
Irrigation (I)	1	0.320	^ns	1.193	^ns	0.099	^ns	0.001		^ns	0.002	^ns	74.307	^ns
Block	3	3.152	^ns	0.633	^ns	0.397	^ns	0.001		^ns	0.008	^ns	188.477	^ns
Residue 1	3	4.072		11.957		0.464		0.003			0.032		677.608
Non-woven (NW)	4	5.326	**	24.354	^ns	0.057	^ns	0.001		^ns	0.053	*	569.091	^ns
I x NW	4	0.867	^ns	4.104	^ns	0.143	^ns	0.001		^ns	0.005	^ns	305.036	^ns
Residue 2	24	1.241		16.423		0.257		0.002			0.010		1089.091
Total	39	76.562		548.158		9.653		0.060			0.606		32307.251
CV 1 (%)		21.35		13.02		23.86		7.27			27.94		16.96
CV 2 (%)		11.79		15.26		17.76		5.42			15.88		21.50
Overall average		9.453		26.554		2.855		0.769			0.644		153.468
After harvesting
Source of variation	DF	Mean squares
Source of variation	DF	Total yield (TY)
Irrigation (I)	1	2077.31							^ns
Block	3	48.34							^ns
Residue 1	3	1538.49
Non-woven (NW)	4	1850.93							*
I x NW	4	116.13							^ns
Residue 2	24	566.27
Total	39	28296.56
CV 1 (%)		26.06
CV 2 (%)		15.81
Overall average		150.53

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
E-mail: revistagriambi@gmail.com

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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: neiufv@hotmail.com

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Gas exchange and yield of industrial tomato under different types of irrigation and non-woven fabric plant cover1 1 Research developed at Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Morrinhos, Morrinhos, GO, Brazil

Trocas gasosas e produtividade do tomateiro industrial sob diferentes tipos de irrigação e tela não-tecida para cobertura da planta

HIGHLIGHTS:

ABSTRACT

Gas exchange and yield of industrial tomato under different types of irrigation and non-woven fabric plant cover¹ 1 Research developed at Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Morrinhos, Morrinhos, GO, Brazil