Water erosion and soil water infiltration in different stages of corn development and tillage systems

Carvalho, Daniel F. de; Eduardo, Eliete N.; Almeida, Wilk S. de; Santos, Lucas A. F.; Alves Sobrinho, Teodorico

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n11p1072-1078

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Manejo de Solo, Água e Planta • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 19 (11) • Nov 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n11p1072-1078 copy

Water erosion and soil water infiltration in different stages of corn development and tillage systems

Erosão hídrica e infiltração de água no solo sob diferentes sistemas de cultivo do milho

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated soil and water losses, soil water infiltration and infiltration rate models in soil tillage systems and corn (Zea mays, L.) development stages under simulated rainfall. The treatments were: cultivation along contour lines, cultivation down the slope and exposed soil. Soil losses and infiltration in each treatment were quantified for rains applied using a portable simulator, at 0, 30, 60 and 75 days after planting. Infiltration rates were estimated using the models of Kostiakov-Lewis, Horton and Philip. Based on the obtained results, the combination of effects between soil tillage system and corn development stages reduces soil and water losses. The contour tillage system promoted improvements in soil physical properties, favoring the reduction of erosion in 59.7% (water loss) and 86.6% (soil loss) at 75 days after planting, and the increase in the stable infiltration rate in 223.3%, compared with the exposed soil. Associated to soil cover, contour cultivation reduces soil and water losses, and the former is more influenced by management. Horton model is the most adequate to represent soil water infiltration rate under the evaluated conditions.

Key words:
soil loss; infiltration rate; soil tillage; rainfall simulator

Treatment	Layer (cm)	Ds (kg dm^-3)	Soil porosity (%)
Treatment	Layer (cm)	Ds (kg dm^-3)	Macro	Micro	Total
CCL	0-10	1.25 a	21.52 a	33.72 a	55.14 a
CDS		1.34 a	10.88 b	36.52 a	47.40 b
ES		1.25 a	17.01 a	34.16 a	51.17 b
CV (%)		6.9	38.0	7.0	9.6
CCL	10-20	1.41 c	14.64 c	34.87 c	49.51 c
CDS		1.47 c	6.92 d	34.49 c	41.41 d
ES		1.57 d	5.14 d	35.74 c	40.89 d
CV (%)		5.0	38.0	4.1	7.5

Treatment	SDWD (mm)
Treatment	0 DAP	30 DAP	60 DAP	75 DAP
CCL	15.0 a	16.7 a	10.4 b	8.1 b
CDS	12.5 a	15.5 a	12.4 b	12.2 b
ES	17.7 a	16.8 a	21.2 a	20.1 a
CV (%)	13.2	18.2	29. 7	26.3

Treatment	Evaluation period – DAP
Treatment	0	30	60	75
Time for the beginning of runoff (min)
CCL	6.3 b	2.0 b	9.0 a	6.5 b
CDS	13.5 a	4.3 b	8.5 a	19.0 a
ES	4.5 b	4.5 b	1.3 b	2.0 b
Stable infiltration rate (mm h^-1)
CCL	22.7 a	19.2 a	32.6 a	37.5 a
CDS	27.7 a	18.0 a	28.5 a	28.3 a
ES	16.5 a	20.0 a	10.4 b	11.6 b

Parameters and indices	CCL^* * CCL – Corn planted along contour lines, CDS – corn planted down the slope and ES – exposed soil; DAP – Days after planting				CDS^* * CCL – Corn planted along contour lines, CDS – corn planted down the slope and ES – exposed soil; DAP – Days after planting				ES^* * CCL – Corn planted along contour lines, CDS – corn planted down the slope and ES – exposed soil; DAP – Days after planting
	DAP^* * CCL – Corn planted along contour lines, CDS – corn planted down the slope and ES – exposed soil; DAP – Days after planting				DAP				DAP
	0	30	60	75	0	30	60	75	0	30	60	75
Kostiakov-Lewis
α	0.53	0.57	0.61	0.60	0.56	0.57	0.53	0.52	0.52	0.56	0.51	0.56
k	77	79	45	40	72	95	65	71	102	73	78	69
R2	75	77	79	79	77	96	75	75	75	77	75	77
SEE	4.3	5.1	3.3	3.9	4.5	6.7	3.5	4.6	5.6	5.3	4.4	4.1
CRM	-0.02	-0.02	-0.01	-0.01	-0.19	-0.05	0.08	0.16	-0.03	-0.02	-0.03	-0.02
CA	1.98	2.17	3.00	2.92	1.16	0.62	1.35	0.51	1.75	2.51	2.03	2.19
EF	0.50	0.54	0.67	0.66	0.13	-0.61	0.26	-0.95	0.43	0.60	0.51	0.54
Horton
β (10^-3)	61	54	50	45	90	51	37	24	57	61	90	78
R²	98	98	99	99	95	99	99	99	98	98	95	96
SEE	1.6	2.2	1.7	1.6	5.3	2.7	4.5	8.6	1.0	2.5	3.9	4.6
CRM	0.00	-0.01	-0.01	-0.01	-0.04	-0.01	-0.01	-0.01	0.00	-0.02	0.01	0.01
CA	0.96	0.93	1.14	1.33	1.35	0.94	0.95	0.93	1.00	0.96	0.65	0.61
EF	-0.04	-0.08	0.12	0.25	0.26	-0.06	-0.06	-0.07	0.00	-0.04	-0.53	-0.63
Philip
b	21.41	18.95	33.32	38.33	21.41	18.95	33.32	38.33	14.23	19.49	8.37	11.48
k	9	97	57	52	90	97	57	52	119	89	90	82
R²	74	74	74	74	74	74	74	74	74	74	96	74
SEE	4.3	5.4	3.6	4.1	7.4	8.1	5.5	9.6	5.6	5.4	3.6	4.3
CRM	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
CA	1.60	1.81	2.56	2.38	1.60	1.81	2.56	2.38	1.41	1.99	1.60	1.81
EF	0.37	0.45	0.61	0.58	0.37	0.45	0.61	0.58	0.29	0.50	0.37	0.45

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[1] carvalho@ufrrj.br (Autor correspondente)