Calibration of simulation parameters for wind erosion gas-solid two-phase flow in arid and semiarid soils

Hao, Baoer; Tong, Xin; Chen, Zhi; Liu, Haiyang

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n8p564-570

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 26 (8) • Aug 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n8p564-570 copy

Calibration of simulation parameters for wind erosion gas-solid two-phase flow in arid and semiarid soils¹ 1 Research developed at Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China

Calibração de parâmetros de simulação para a erosão eólica fluxo de gás sólido em duas fases em solos áridos e semiáridos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

HIGHLIGHTS:

Providing accurate soil physical parameters is essential in the coupled simulation of wind and sand two-phase flow.

The Hertz-Mindlin and JKR contact models in EDEM could be used to accurately calibrate soils in arid and semiarid regions.

The threshold wind velocity could accurately reflect the error between the actual measurement and simulation.

ABSTRACT

To construct a coupled simulation model of soil wind erosion and two-phase flow in arid and semiarid regions, the proper contact parameters of the soil discrete element simulation model are obtained based on the angle of repose (AoR) calibration test. The coupled simulation model is established by combining computational fluid dynamics. The response value of the wind speed of sand initiation is used to verify the model’s accuracy. Due to the characteristics of arid and semiarid soils, this paper uses the Hertz-Mindlin with JKR contact model in EDEM software to calibrate the soil parameters based on soil physical tests and designs the Plackett-Burman, steepest climb, and Box-Behnken tests according to Design-Expert software to obtain the soil AoR second-order regression. With the AoR of 33.52° as the target, the best combination of parameters is obtained: soil-soil collision recovery of 0.64, soil-steel static friction coefficient of 0.31, JKR surface energy of 3.302 J m^-2. Finally, by using calibrated parameters and the threshold wind velocity as the response value, the wind-sand air-solid two-phase flow test is conducted in ANSYS Fluent and EDEM, with the relative error between the starting wind speed recorded by the high-speed camera in the wind tunnel test and the threshold wind velocity shown in the simulation model calculated to be 8.7%, and the calibrated soil parameters met the requirements of the coupled simulation.

Key words:
discrete element; two-phase flow; angle of repose; soil

Soil particle size (mm)	Soil percentage (%)
< 0.25	52.96
0.25~0.5	18.56
0.5~1	8.53
1~2	2.83
> 2	16.93

Simulation test parameters	Value
Shear modulus of soil	2.05 × 10¹⁰ kPa
Density of soil	2.130 kg dm^-3
Poisson’s ratio of soil	0.29
Shear modulus of steel	7 × 10⁷ kPa
Density of steel	7850 kg m^-3
Poisson’s ratio of steel	0.30
Soil-soil restitution coefficient	0.60
Soil-soil static friction coefficient	0.61
Soil-soil rolling friction coefficient	0.69
Soil-steel restitution coefficient	0.25
Soil-steel static friction coefficient	0.34
Soil-steel rolling friction coefficient	0.41
Surface energy of soil for JKR model	3 J m^-2

Symbol	Simulation test parameters	Low level (-1)	High level (+1)
At	Shear modulus of soil	1.00	3.00
Bt	Poisson’s ratio of soil	0.10	0.50
Ct	Soil-soil restitution coefficient	0.40	0.80
Dt	Soil-soil static friction coefficient	0.40	0.80
Et	Soil-soil rolling friction coefficient	0.50	0.90
Ft	Soil-steel restitution coefficient	0.05	0.45
Gt	Soil-steel static friction coefficient	0.15	0.55
Ht	Soil-steel rolling friction coefficient	0.20	0.60
It	Surface energy of soil for JKR model/(J m^-2)	2.50	3.50

No.	Parameters									Repose angle θ/(°)
No.	At	Bt	Ct	Dt	Et	Ft	Gt	Ht	It	Repose angle θ/(°)
1	1	1	-1	1	1	1	-1	-1	-1	32.03
2	-1	1	1	-1	1	1	1	-1	-1	47.98
3	1	-1	1	1	-1	1	1	1	-1	32.21
4	-1	1	-1	1	1	-1	1	1	1	43.83
5	-1	-1	1	-1	1	1	-1	1	1	6.84
6	-1	-1	-1	1	-1	1	1	-1	1	48.49
7	1	-1	-1	-1	1	-1	1	1	-1	51.00
8	1	1	-1	-1	-1	1	-1	1	1	12.95
9	1	1	1	-1	-1	-1	1	-1	1	13.49
10	-1	1	1	1	-1	-1	-1	1	-1	6.27
11	1	-1	1	1	1	-1	-1	-1	1	3.43
12	-1	-1	-1	-1	-1	-1	-1	-1	-1	23.00
13	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	33.82

Parameters	Degree of freedom	Sum of squares	F value	P value
At	1	81.64	3.18	0.1727
Bt	1	5.91	0.2299	0.6644
Ct	1	851.43	33.13	0.0104*
Dt	1	10.08	0.3923	0.5755
Et	1	197.64	7.69	0.0694
Ft	1	129.89	5.05	0.1101
Gt	1	1937.51	75.39	0.0032**
Ht	1	19.56	0.7610	0.4472
It	1	335.60	13.06	0.0364*

No	Soil–soil restitution coefficient	Soil-steel static friction coefficient	Surface energy of soil for JKR model	Repose angleθ/(°)	Relative error/%
1	0.80	0.15	3.5	31.51	6.00
2	0.72	0.23	3.3	32.21	3.90
3	0.64	0.31	3.1	29.68	11.40
4	0.56	0.39	2.9	43.83	30.75
5	0.48	0.47	2.7	45.84	36.75
6	0.40	0.55	2.5	51.56	53.81

Levels	Soil-soil restitution coefficient	Soil-steel static friction coefficient	Surface energy of soil for JKR model
-1	0.80	0.15	3.5
0	0.72	0.23	3.3
+1	0.64	0.31	3.1

No	Soil-soil restitution coefficient	Soil-steel static friction coefficient	Surface energy of soil for JKR model	Repose angle θ/(°)
1	-1	-1	0	20.75
2	1	-1	0	20.12
3	-1	1	0	33.62
4	1	1	0	31.12
5	-1	0	-1	20.27
6	1	0	-1	19.79
7	-1	0	1	23.75
8	1	0	1	20.81
9	0	-1	-1	12.95
10	0	1	-1	26.10
11	0	-1	1	16.17
12	0	1	1	24.23
13	0	0	0	26.80
14	0	0	0	26.11
15	0	0	0	24.95
16	0	0	0	26.51
17	0	0	0	25.12

Source	Mean square	Degree of freedom	Sum of square	P value
Model	409.90	9	45.54	< 0.0001**
Ct	5.36	1	5.36	0.0275*
Gt	254.03	1	254.03	< 0.0001**
It	4.28	1	4.28	0.0423*
CtGt	0.8742	1	0.8742	0.2994
CtIt	1.51	1	1.51	0.1839
GtIt	6.48	1	6.48	0.0186*
Ct²	3.40	1	3.40	0.0628
Gt²	0.6536	1	0.6536	0.3648
It²	134.01	1	134.01	< 0.0001**
Residual	4.87	7	0.6961
Lack of fit	2.41	3	0.7118	0.4654
Pure error	2.74	4	0.6843
Sum	414.77	16

Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, UFCG, Av. Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, Bloco CM, 1º andar, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, Tel. +55 83 2101 1056 - Campina Grande - PB - Brazil
E-mail: revistagriambi@gmail.com

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[1] * Corresponding author - E-mail: sgchenzhi@imau.edu.cn

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Calibration of simulation parameters for wind erosion gas-solid two-phase flow in arid and semiarid soils1 1 Research developed at Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China

Calibração de parâmetros de simulação para a erosão eólica fluxo de gás sólido em duas fases em solos áridos e semiáridos

HIGHLIGHTS:

ABSTRACT

Calibration of simulation parameters for wind erosion gas-solid two-phase flow in arid and semiarid soils¹ 1 Research developed at Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, PR China