We present an epistemological discussion on the problems of Reality, Comprehensibility and Causality in the context of some questions of quantum mechanics. This study also constitutes a struggle against the positivistic conception of science. We argue in favour of a more close connection among Bachelardian epistemology of complexity, Popperian philosophy of critical rationalism and the Lakatosian conception of scientific research programmes. We argue too in favour of the necessity in conceiving the complexities and subtleties of the dialogue theory/experiment and a special attention with respect to the idea of 'crucial experiment'.