Constraining the acceleration of the expanding Universe with SimECosmo

Pereira Raymundo, Iuri Baranov; Baraúna Ferreira, Luan Orion de Oliveira; Wolney Mello1, Matheus Monteiro; Pigozzo, Cássio

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Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física

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Artigos Gerais • Rev. Bras. Ensino Fís. 44 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9126-RBEF-2022-0143 copy

Constraining the acceleration of the expanding Universe with SimECosmo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

We present a review of how Type Ia Supernovae (SN Ia) are used in cosmology to estimate cosmological models parameters. In particular, we discuss how they helped with the paradigm shift observed at the turn of the last century to this one: the Universe is in an accelerated expansion rate. For this, we will discuss how to delimit cosmological parameters, especially the deceleration parameter, with the definition of a type of distance in cosmology, which is calculated knowing the luminosity of astrophysical objects. We developed a software to be used with this article by teachers in their classes or orientations, as well as by students in their individual studies. The SimECosmo, acronym for Simulador para o Ensino de Cosmologia, has a user interface and allows the visualization of how cosmological parameters affect model predictions, comparing with SN Ia data from the Union 2.1 and Pantheon Sample compilations.

Keywords:
Cosmology; Accelerated Expansion; Supernovae; Simulation

Modelo	Idade (bilhões de anos)
Einstein-de Sitter	9.3
$Λ$ CDM plano	13.5

		Union 2.1
		Universo Plano	Universo Curvo
	best-fit	$70.005$	69.989
H₀ (km/s/Mpc)	$V M \pm 1 σ$	$70.00 \pm 0.33$	$69.98 \pm 0.43$
	$V M \pm 2 σ$	$70.00 \pm 0.65$	${69.98}_{- 0.87}^{+ 0.82}$
	best-fit	$0.277$	0.2765
$Ω_{0}$	$V M \pm 1 σ$	$0.278 \pm 0.019$	$0.274 \pm 0.069$
	$V M \pm 2 σ$	${0.278}_{- 0.036}^{+ 0.038}$	${0.274}_{- 0.139}^{+ 0.132}$
	best-fit	0	0.0049
Ω ₀	$V M \pm 1 σ$	0	$0.01 \pm 0.18$
	$V M \pm 2 σ$	0	${0.01}_{- 0.34}^{+ 0.37}$
	best-fit	$- 0.5834$	$-$ 0.5803
q ₀	$V M \pm 1 σ$	$- 0.583 \pm 0.028$	$- 0.578 \pm 0.085$
	$V M \pm 2 σ$	$- {0.583}_{- 0.055}^{+ 0.058}$	$- {0.578}_{- 0.162}^{+ 0.174}$
	best-fit	$562.22$	562.23
$χ^{2}$	$V M \pm 1 σ$	$564.13 \pm 1.93$	$565.18 \pm 2.40$
	$V M \pm 2 σ$	${564.13}_{- 2.19}^{+ 4.12}$	${565.18}_{- 3.24}^{+ 5.00}$

		Pantheon
		Universo Plano	Universo Curvo
H₀ (km/s/Mpc)	best-fit	$73.296$	73.394
$V M \pm 1 σ$	$73.28 \pm 0.36$	$73.37 \pm 0.46$
$V M \pm 2 σ$	${73.28}_{- 0.70}^{+ 0.73}$	${73.37}_{- 0.91}^{+ 0.89}$
$Ω_{0}$	best-fit	$0.2977$	0.3283
$V M \pm 1 σ$	$0.299 \pm 0.022$	$0.319 \pm 0.069$
$V M \pm 2 σ$	${0.299}_{- 0.043}^{+ 0.044}$	${0.319}_{- 0.138}^{+ 0.134}$
Ω _κ0	best-fit	0	$-$ 0.077
$V M \pm 1 σ$	0	$- {0.05}_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.16}$
$V M \pm 2 σ$	0	$- {0.05}_{- 0.33}^{+ 0.36}$
q ₀	best-fit	$- 0.553$	$-$ 0.5845
$V M \pm 1 σ$	$- 0.551 \pm 0.033$	$- {0.575}_{- 0.087}^{+ 0.076}$
$V M \pm 2 σ$	$- {0.551}_{- 0.064}^{+ 0.066}$	$- {0.575}_{- 0.153}^{+ 0.170}$
$χ^{2}$	best-fit	1026.86	1026.72
$V M \pm 1 σ$	$1028.89 \pm 2.03$	$1029.69 \pm 2.40$
$V M \pm 2 σ$	${1028.89}_{- 2.33}^{+ 4.17}$	${1029.69}_{- 3.29}^{+ 4.97}$

Sociedade Brasileira de Física Caixa Postal 66328, 05389-970 São Paulo SP - Brazil - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: marcio@sbfisica.org.br

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[1] * Endereço de correspondência: iuribaranov@ifba.edu.br