Evolution of the cosmological thought and the birth of Modern Science

In this work we present an exposition on the process of transformation that led from Aristotle's qualitative science, founded on philosophical principles, to modern science, which rests on a combination of empiricism and mathematization, process whose highest expression is given by Newton's work. We present how Aristotelian-Ptolemaic Cosmos, rigidly ordered according to metaphysical criteria, was replaced by a new Universe, completely deprived from concepts of finality and value and governed by a mechanical causality, expressed through mathematical laws. We show how Copernican revolution had gone beyond the limits of astronomy and had promoted a wide transformation on scientific thought that led to the birth of Newtonian physics.

gravitation; cosmology; mechanics; scientific revolution