ABSTRACT
The medical residency program, legally established in Brazil in 1977, is considered the best practical teaching strategy and it’s a gold standard to physician specialization. Resident, house officer and registrar are synonymous to refer to post medical training after internship, who attending a program or programme, depends on the region of the globe you are. The teaching of the residency training program is conducted during patient care in all settings (i.e., bedside teaching), which brings together teaching in a practical setting and the improvement of a professional profile. Residents also develop their teaching skills. American researchers estimate that residents acts as teachers in almost one quarter of their residency programs. This teaching-learning process hasn’t been thoroughly studied, especially in Brazil. The aim of this study was to do a narrative review about Rat (Resident as Teacher), an issue not explored in the Brazilian literature, evaluating the teaching-learning process in the medical residency programs. A review in the Brazilian and worldwide literature was conducted. In many countries, several formal training courses are being implemented worldwide under the “Resident as Teacher – RaT” denomination. In the United States, more than half of the residency programs have RaT training. The developed programs are different in their approach, duration and format. However, they are all based on attributes considered fundamental for teachers. Regarding content, RaT programs emphasize the One Minute Preceptor (OMP) model, the clinical teaching structure of the Stanford Faculty Development Program, or the domains shown by Irby to be essential for the excellence of clinical teaching. In conclusion it would be important for Brazilian programs to develop studies and, consequently, effective strategies to improve RaT.
Medical Residency; Teacher Training; Specialization; Program Development; Medicine