Sensilla of the Western Flower Thrips, <i>Frankliniella occidentalis</i> (Pergande) (Thysanoptera, Thripidae)

Zhang, ZhiKe; Lei, ZhongRen

doi:10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2022-0023

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Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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Articles • Rev. Bras. entomol. 66 (2) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2022-0023 copy

Sensilla of the Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera, Thripidae)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The sensilla of insects play important roles in odor, taste, the feeling environment, and some sensory functions, which are closely associated with insect host locating, feeding, habitat searching, courtship, mating, and oviposition. In this study, we used a scanning electron microscope to observe the external morphology of nymph and adult Frankliniella occidentalis sensilla on antennae, compound eyes, legs, mouthparts, wings and tail. The results show that three main types of sensilla are located on the antennae: sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, and sensilla basiconica. Among them, sensilla trichodea are the most abundant, followed by sensilla chaetica. Sensilla basiconica on antennae are divided into seven sub-styles, including longer sensilla (L-sensilla basiconica, long sensilla basiconica), shorter sensilla (angle sensilla basiconica, bud sensilla basiconica), and thicker and bigger sensilla (stick sensilla basiconica, fork sensilla basiconica, and finger sensilla basiconica). Only two fork sensilla basiconica were found, located on the dorsal part of the first flagellum subsegment and the ventral part of the second flagellum subsegment, respectively. Seven sensillum types were found on the legs: sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla basiconica, sensilla ear washing buob-shaped, mamillary sensilla, sensilla campaniform, and Böhm bristle. About 60% of them are sensilla chaetica. Only one sensillum type was found on compound eyes: sensilla chaetica. In addition, some sensillum types were also found on the mouthparts, wings and tail, respectively. In the study, we observed the type, morphology, and distribution of sensilla on antennae, legs, compound eyes, and other regions of nymph and adult F. occidentalis, forming a base for future electrophysiological and behavior experiments on F. occidentalis.

Keywords:
Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); Sensilla; Antennae; Legs; Compound eyes; Morphology; Distribution

Type	Subtype	Antennae	Legs	Compound eyes	Mouthparts	Wings	Tail
Sensilla Chaetica	Long sensilla chaetica	Y	Y	—	—	Y	Y
	Short sensilla chaetica	Y		—	—	—	Y
	Sword-like sensilla chaetica	Y	Y	—	—	—	—
Sensilla Trichodea	Short Sensilla Trichodea	Y	Y	—	Y	Y	Y
Sensilla Trichodea	Long Sensilla Trichodea	—	Y	Y	—	—	—
Sensilla Basiconica	L-sensilla basiconica	Y	—	—	Y	—	Y
	Fork sensilla basiconica	Y	—	—	—	—	—
	Stick sensilla basiconica	Y	—	—	—	—	—
	Bud sensilla basiconica	Y	—	—	—	—	—
	Finger sensilla basiconica	Y	—	—	Y	—	—
	Angle sensilla basiconica	Y	Y	—	—	—	—
	Long sensilla basiconica	Y	Y	—	Y	Y	—
	Shot Sensilla Basiconica I	—	Y	—	—	—	—
	Shot Sensilla Basiconica II	—	Y	—	—	—	—
Sensilla Campaniform	—	—	Y	—	—	—	—
Sensilla Mamillary	—	—	Y	—	Y	—	—
Sensilla Ear Washing Buob-Shaped	—	—	Y	—	Y	—	—
Böhm Bristle	—	—	Y	—	—	—	—

Type	Subtype	Length (μm)	Basal diameter (μm)	Tip	Wall	Shape	Socket
Sensilla Chaetica	Long sensilla chaetica	15.11–22.66	0.95–1.31	—	Smooth	slightly curved	height 1.58–1.78 μm, basal diameter 3.30–3.88 μm
	Short sensilla chaetica	10.05–13.68	1.58–1.79	—	—	slightly curved	height 1.48 μm, basal diameter 3.72 μm
	Sword-like sensilla chaetica	18.26–23.67	1.8–2.5	Sharp	—	—	—
Sensilla Trichodea	—	0.2–19.3	0.2–1.5	—	—	Straight or slightly curved	mound-like basal sockets
Sensilla Basiconica	L-sensilla basiconica	22.25–26.56	0.88	—	—	—	—
	Fork sensilla basiconica	12–16	2.5–3.5	Sharp	—	—	—
	Stick sensilla basiconica	7.6–9.86	1.8–2.3	—	—	—	—
	Bud sensilla basiconica	4.0–4.5	1.5–1.8	Blunt	—	—	—
	Finger sensilla basiconica	10.09–16.29	1.59–3.19	—	—	—	—
	Angle sensilla basiconica	2.13–2.68	0.58–0.91	—	Smooth	—	—
	Long sensilla basiconica	13.8–17.7	0.9–1.1	—	Smooth	curved	height 0.8–1.2 μm, diameter 1.8–2.2 μm

Type of sensilla	Subtype	Length (μm)	Basal diameter (μm)	Tip	Wall	Shape
Sensilla Basiconica	Angle Sensilla Basiconica	3.85–4.01	0.76–0.91	—	Smooth	—
	Shot Sensilla Basiconica I	5.86–6.96	0.56–0.82	—	Smooth	slightly curved
	Shot Sensilla Basiconica II	7.62–9.07	1.18–1.86	—	longitudinal striations	—
	Long Sensilla Basiconica	22.63–27.12	1.91–2.37	—	—	—
Sensilla Chaetica	Sword-Like Sensilla Chaetica	8.65–10.91	0.78–0.97	—	longitudinal striations	—
Sensilla Chaetica	Long Sensilla Chaetica	18.26–20.66	1.88–2.12	Sharp	longitudinal striations	—
Sensilla Trichodea	Short Sensilla Trichodea	0.85–1.06	0.36–0.43	—	Smooth	—
Sensilla Trichodea	Long Sensilla Trichodea	4.31–5.62	0.53–1.14	—	Smooth	—
Sensilla Campaniform	—	1.02–1.33	1.0–1.57	Sharp	Smooth	—
Sensilla Mamillary	—	0.52–0.71	1.06–1.58	—	—	—
Sensilla Ear Washing Buob-Shaped	—	1.02–2.33	0.51–1.23	—	—	—
Böhm Bristle	—	1.21–5.38	0.23–0.51	—	—	—

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[1] *Corresponding author. E-mail: zhangzhike98@163.com (Z. Zhang).