Three new species of Bruggmannia Tavares, 1906 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Brazil and description of male and larva of B. monteiroi Maia & Couri, 1993

ABSTRACT Bruggmannia capixaba, sp. n., Bruggmannia gaucha, sp. n., and Bruggmannia marambaiensis sp. n. are described and illustrated. All species were collected in Atlantic forest areas. They induce galls on Guapira (Nyctaginaceae), a plant genus native to Brazil, the first on G. pernambucensis and the others on G. opposita. Furthermore, the male and larva of Bruggmannia monteiroi are described for the first time, based on specimens collected in the type locality.

The genus is recognizable by male flagellomeres constricted near the middle of nodes; flagellomere necks longer and circumfila less appressed to flagellomeres than in other genera of Schizomyiina; palpus three-segmented; empodia shorter than claws; ovipositor short, not pigmented, with elongate ventral and sparse dorsal setae; cerci separate and tiny; pupa with weakly developed or not produced antennal horns; and the mature larva without a prothoracic sternal spatula (Gagné, 1994).
Furthermore, the anal segment is greatly narrowed and elongated in the larvae of most species.
In this paper, three new species that induce galls on Guapira are described, two on G. opposita (Vell.)Reitz and one on G. pernambucensis (Casar.)Lundell., the former harboring four previously known species of Bruggmannia and the latter a single one.
Guapira opposita is a widespread plant native to Brazil, where it occurs in the Amazon, Atlantic forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado (Rossetto et al., 2022), while Guapira pernambucensis is endemic to Brazil and restricted to coastal low forests (restinga) areas of the Atlantic forest.

Material and methods
The Entomological Collection of the Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ) was examined for specimens of Bruggmannia as well as unidentified gall midges associated with Guapira species.All were mounted on microscope slides.They were collected in areas of Atlantic forest in Brazil (Guarapari, state of Espírito Santo; Mangaratiba and Maricá, state of Rio de Janeiro; and Porto Alegre, Three new species of Bruggmannia Tavares, 1906 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Brazil and description of male and larva of B. monteiroi Maia & Couri, 1993 state of Rio Grande do Sul) by several researchers on different dates (see "Material Examined").Specimens of Bruggmannia monteiroi were obtained from rearing in laboratory.To this end, fieldwork was carried out in the Maricá restinga (Maricá, RJ) (Fig. 1a), the type locality of the species, from April 2021 to April 2022.During this period, individuals of the host plant, Guapira opposita (Fig. 1b), were examined for galls induced by this cecidomyiid.Gall samples were taken to the laboratory and kept in plastics pots.These pots, layered at the bottom with damp cotton and covered by fine screening, were checked daily for adults.Immature insects were obtained by dissecting galls.All specimens were first preserved in 70% ethanol and later mounted in slides following the methodology outlined in Gagné (1994) and deposited in the Cecidomyiidae Collection of Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ).
Morphological studies and drawings of the most important taxonomic characters were made with the aid of an optical microscope coupled with photographic camera and drawing tube.Measurements were taken using a microscope slide with scale from 0.01 to 5.0mm.All drawings were scanned and edited using Corel DRAW®.Morphological terminology follows Gagné (2018) for adult terminology, Gagné (1994) for larval and pupal terminology, and Elsayed et al. (2020) just for pupal antennal papillae.

Results
Three previously unknown species of Bruggmannia were found in the MNRJ: Bruggmannia capixaba, sp.n., Bruggmannia gaucha, sp.n., and Bruggmannia marambaiensis sp.n., the first on Guapira pernambucensis and the others on Guapira opposita.Besides, males and larvae of Bruggmannia monteiroi were obtained by lab rearing.

Species of
Pupa (Fig. 4a), 3.1-3.5 mm long (n=3).Integument brownish.Head (Fig. 4b): a pair of antennal papillae present, antennal horn conical, short, with outer and inner margins smooth; apical seta 0.4 times the length of prothoracic spiracle; upper facial horns conical; lower facial horns conical; two pairs of lower facial papillae: one pair with seta, a triplet of papillae (two with setae and one bare) near base of each palpus; upper cephalic margin thickened laterally, face with lateral projection, head integument grainy just below antennal bases and around upper facial horns, except below them.Thorax: prothoracic spiracle setiform, curved, relatively short, 0.12 mm long, 2.0 times as long as flagellomeres width (Fig. 4b), prothorax with three pairs of dorsal papillae and two pairs of lateral papillae, lateral projection just below prothoracic spiracles with grainy integument (Fig. 4b).Abdomen: spiracles not elongated, 2 nd -8 th segments with dorsal spines near anterior margin, arranged only centrally, spines in the 2 nd segment rudimentary, shorter than those of 3 rd -8 th segments (Fig. 4c), integument ventrally sculptured (Fig. 4d).Last segment with two terminal conical projections far apart (Fig. 4e) (pupal sex not determined, all specimens similar to each other).
Etymology.The word "capixaba" means native of the state of Espírito Santo.
Pupa (Fig. 8a).2.1-3.1 mm long (n=2).Integument brownish.Head (Fig. 8b): pair of antennal papillae present, antennal horn conical, short, with outer and inner margins smooth; apical seta 0.7 times the length of prothoracic spiracle; upper facial horns semicircular; lower facial horns conical; two pairs of lower facial papillae: one pair with seta, the other bare; two lateral facial papillae near base of each palpus, one with setae, the other bare; upper cephalic margin thickened laterally, face with lateral projection, head integument wrinkled just below antennal bases and around upper facial horns, except below them.Thorax: prothoracic spiracle setiform, curved, short, 0.08-0.09mm long, 1.2-1.3times as long as flagellomeres width, prothorax with three pairs of dorsal papillae and two pairs of lateral papillae, no lateral projection just below prothoracic spiracles.Abdomen: spiracles not elongated, 2 nd -8 th segments with dorsal spines near anterior margin, arranged only centrally, spines in the 2 nd segment rudimentary, shorter than those of 3 rd -8 th segments (Fig. 8c), integument ventrally sculptured.Last segment with two rounded terminal projections in both sexes, projections close together and longer in male pupa, projections far apart and shorter in female pupa (Figs.8d, e).
Etymology.The name "gaucha" means native of the state of Rio Grande do Sul.
Pupa (Fig. 12a).2.5-3.0 mm long (n=5).Integument brownish.Head (Fig. 12b): a pair of antennal papillae present, antennal horn triangular, short, with outer and inner margins smooth; apical seta 0.5 times the length of prothoracic spiracle (n=5); upper facial horns triangular; lower facial horns absent; two pairs of lower facial papillae: one pair with seta, the other bare; a triplet of papillae (two with setae and one bare) near base of each palpus; upper cephalic margin thickened laterally, face with lateral projection, head integument wrinkled just below antennal bases and around upper facial horns, except below them.Thorax: prothoracic spiracle setiform, curved, relatively short, 0.15 mm long, 2.0 times as long as flagellomeres width (n=5), prothorax with three pairs of dorsal papillae and two pairs of lateral papillae, no lateral projection just below prothoracic spiracles.Abdomen: spiracles not elongated, 2 nd -8 th segments with dorsal spines near anterior margin, arranged only centrally (Fig. 12c), spines in the 2 nd segment rudimentary, shorter than those of 3 rd -8 th segments, integument ventrally sculptured (Fig. 12d).Last segment with two rounded terminal projections far apart in female pupa and absent in male pupa (Figs.13a, b).
Comments.This species is unique in having the following set of characters: 1) Adults: conical aedeagus; ovipositor and 7 th sternite
Other two species of Bruggmannia associated with Guapira have glossiform aedegus -B.chapadensis Proença & Maia, 2018 and B. gaucha Maia & Mendonça, sp.n., but they differ from each other mainly in the following characters: relative length of ovipositor (in B. capixaba 1.85 x length of 7 th sternite, in B. chapadensis 1.4 x and in B. gaucha 1.7 x), shape of upper facial horn (conical in B. capixaba and B. gaucha, semicircular in the other two species), length of prothoracic spiracle (longer in B. capixaba than in the others), arrangement of dorsal spines (only centrally in B. capixaba and B. chapadensis, along the entire width of 2 nd to 8 th abdominal tergites in B. gaucha).Bruggmannia gaucha, Maia & Mendonça, sp.n.

Table 1
Bruggmannia Tavares, 1906 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): list of species, host plants, known stages of life cycle and geographical distribution based on