Notes on social wasps of the group of Mischocyttarus(Omega) punctatus (Ducke), with description of six new species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)

A revision of the taxonomic status and an identification key for wasp species of the genus Mischocyttarus related to M. punctatus (Ducke, 1904Ducke, A., 1904. Sobre as vespidas sociaes do Pará. Bol. Mus. Goeldi 4, 317-374.) are presented here. Six new species are proposed (M. tayrona Silveira sp. nov.; M. anchicaya Silveira sp. nov.; M. caxiuana Silveira sp. nov.; M. verissimoi Silveira sp. nov.; M. rodriguesi Silveira sp. nov.; M. ryani Silveira sp. nov.), raising to nine the number of species in the M. punctatus group. The highest diversity of the group concentrates in northern South America, in Andean areas and Amazonia. New information concerning the very peculiar nests of these wasps is also given.

Keywords
Cuscuta; Neotropical vespids; Nest architecture; Taxonomy

Authorship

Orlando Tobias Silveira ^** Corresponding author. E-mail: orlando@museu-goeldi.br (O.T. Silveira).

Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Campus de Pesquisas, Belém, PA, BrazilMuseu Paraense Emilio GoeldiBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilCoordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Campus de Pesquisas, Belém, PA, Brazil

Suzanna de Sousa Silva

Curso de Ciências Naturais-Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus Universitário de Pinheiro II, Pinheiro, MA, BrazilUniversidade Federal do MaranhãoBrazilPinheiro, MA, BrazilCurso de Ciências Naturais-Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus Universitário de Pinheiro II, Pinheiro, MA, Brazil

Sherlem Patricia de Seixas Felizardo

* Corresponding author. E-mail: orlando@museu-goeldi.br (O.T. Silveira).

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (6)

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Figs. 1-10.
Schematic drawings showing proportions and measurements of bodyparts. 1-6: first metasomal segment in dorsal view respectively of: (1) Mischocyt-tarus ryani sp. nov.; (2) M. punctatus; (3) M. anchicaya sp. nov.; (4) M. rodriguesi sp. nov.; (5) M. caxiuana sp. nov.; (6) M. verissimoi sp. nov. (length = 2.78 mm); (7)head, frontal; (8) pronotum and mesoscutum, dorsal; (9) mesosoma, lateral; (10)left anterior wing. FHH: height of head; INTOW: distance between eyes at ocularsinus; HCLP, WCLP: height and width of clypeus; WCAR: width of pronotal carina;LMS, WMS: length and width of mesoscutum; HMP: height of mesopleuron; LDIS:length of discal cell of fore wing; LSI, WSI: length and apical width of first metasomalsegment.

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Fig. 11.
(A-H) Partial halves of anterior mesosoma to show pronotal carina and mesoscutal sculpture (scale as in B): (A) Mischocyttarus rodriguesi sp. nov.; (B) M. caxiuana sp.nov.; (C) M. punctatus; (D) M. ryani sp. nov.; (E) M. tayrona sp. nov.; (F) M. anchicaya sp. nov.; (G) M. verissimoi sp. nov.; (H) M. vaqueroi. (I-L) Detail of mesoscutal sculpture(scale bar = 0.1 mm): (I) M. anchicaya sp. nov.; (J) M. ryani sp. nov.; (K) M. rodriguesi sp. nov.; (L) M. caxiuana sp. nov. (M-N) Posterior view of head showing pre-foraminalregion and occipital carina (scale as in N): (M) M. vaqueroi; (N) M. caxiuana sp. nov.

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Fig. 12
General lateral views of holotype females of: (A) Mischocyttarus tayrona sp. nov.; (B) M. anchicaya sp. nov.; (C) M. caxiuana sp. nov.; (D) M. verissimoi sp. nov.; (E) M.rodriguesi sp. nov.; (F) M. ryani sp. nov.

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Fig. 13.
(A) Nest of M. rodriguesi sp. nov. (nest A; Caxiuanã, PA) showing attachmentto stem of Cuscuta trichostyla; (A1) detail of attachment of basal cell of nest A to thesubstrate plant; (B) nest fragment of M. rodriguesi sp. nov. (nest B; Caxiuanã, PA);(C) large fragment of abandoned nest of the M. punctatus group (Juruti, PA) showingseveral incomplete cells and long “interconnecting stalks”.

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Fig. 14.
(A) Large colony (ca. 40 cm) of Mischocyttarus ryani sp. nov. (Lenc¸ óis, BA); (B and C) details of other two colonies of M. ryani sp. nov. showing individuals raisingtheir bodies on mid and hind legs (same place); (D) mature inflorescence of a vine wherein colonies of M. ryani sp. n. were also found (same place); (E) small colony (nestA) with individual female of M. rodriguesi sp. nov., hanging from a Cuscuta trichostylafiliform stem in deep Amazonian rainforest (Caxiuanã, PA); (F) small colony with threefemales on a forked nest of M. vaqueroi, hanging from a suspense root, in Caxiuanã (PA).

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Fig. 15.
Map with distribution of the studied species of the M. punctatus group.

Figs. 1-10. Schematic drawings showing proportions and measurements of bodyparts. 1-6: first metasomal segment in dorsal view respectively of: (1) Mischocyt-tarus ryani sp. nov.; (2) M. punctatus; (3) M. anchicaya sp. nov.; (4) M. rodriguesi sp. nov.; (5) M. caxiuana sp. nov.; (6) M. verissimoi sp. nov. (length = 2.78 mm); (7)head, frontal; (8) pronotum and mesoscutum, dorsal; (9) mesosoma, lateral; (10)left anterior wing. FHH: height of head; INTOW: distance between eyes at ocularsinus; HCLP, WCLP: height and width of clypeus; WCAR: width of pronotal carina;LMS, WMS: length and width of mesoscutum; HMP: height of mesopleuron; LDIS:length of discal cell of fore wing; LSI, WSI: length and apical width of first metasomalsegment.

Fig. 11. (A-H) Partial halves of anterior mesosoma to show pronotal carina and mesoscutal sculpture (scale as in B): (A) Mischocyttarus rodriguesi sp. nov.; (B) M. caxiuana sp.nov.; (C) M. punctatus; (D) M. ryani sp. nov.; (E) M. tayrona sp. nov.; (F) M. anchicaya sp. nov.; (G) M. verissimoi sp. nov.; (H) M. vaqueroi. (I-L) Detail of mesoscutal sculpture(scale bar = 0.1 mm): (I) M. anchicaya sp. nov.; (J) M. ryani sp. nov.; (K) M. rodriguesi sp. nov.; (L) M. caxiuana sp. nov. (M-N) Posterior view of head showing pre-foraminalregion and occipital carina (scale as in N): (M) M. vaqueroi; (N) M. caxiuana sp. nov.

Fig. 12 General lateral views of holotype females of: (A) Mischocyttarus tayrona sp. nov.; (B) M. anchicaya sp. nov.; (C) M. caxiuana sp. nov.; (D) M. verissimoi sp. nov.; (E) M.rodriguesi sp. nov.; (F) M. ryani sp. nov.

Fig. 13. (A) Nest of M. rodriguesi sp. nov. (nest A; Caxiuanã, PA) showing attachmentto stem of Cuscuta trichostyla; (A1) detail of attachment of basal cell of nest A to thesubstrate plant; (B) nest fragment of M. rodriguesi sp. nov. (nest B; Caxiuanã, PA);(C) large fragment of abandoned nest of the M. punctatus group (Juruti, PA) showingseveral incomplete cells and long “interconnecting stalks”.

Fig. 14. (A) Large colony (ca. 40 cm) of Mischocyttarus ryani sp. nov. (Lenc¸ óis, BA); (B and C) details of other two colonies of M. ryani sp. nov. showing individuals raisingtheir bodies on mid and hind legs (same place); (D) mature inflorescence of a vine wherein colonies of M. ryani sp. n. were also found (same place); (E) small colony (nestA) with individual female of M. rodriguesi sp. nov., hanging from a Cuscuta trichostylafiliform stem in deep Amazonian rainforest (Caxiuanã, PA); (F) small colony with threefemales on a forked nest of M. vaqueroi, hanging from a suspense root, in Caxiuanã (PA).

Fig. 15. Map with distribution of the studied species of the M. punctatus group.

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Notes on social wasps of the group of Mischocyttarus(Omega) punctatus (Ducke), with description of six new species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail: orlando@museu-goeldi.br (O.T. Silveira).