Prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence against adult women in Brazil: National Survey of Health, 2019

Vasconcelos, Nádia Machado de; Andrade, Fabiana Martins Dias de; Gomes, Crizian Saar; Pinto, Isabella Vitral; Malta, Deborah Carvalho

doi:10.1590/1980-549720210020.supl.2

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. bras. Epidemiol. 24 (suppl 2) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210020.supl.2 linkcopy

Prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence against adult women in Brazil: National Survey of Health, 2019

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence against adult women in Brazil.

Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional epidemiological study using the database of the National Survey of Health 2019. The prevalence in the last 12 months and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios of intimate partner violence were calculated, stratified by sociodemographic characteristics.

Results: Intimate partner violence was reported by 7.60% of Brazilian women aged from 18 to 59 years, with higher prevalence among younger women (8.96%), black women (9.05%), those with lower education level (8.55%) and low income (8.68%). After adjusted analysis, the age groups of 18–24 years old (PRadj: 1.41) and 25–39 years old (PRadj: 1.42) and income lower than one minimum wage (PRadj: 1.55) remained associated with intimate partner violence.

Conclusions: Intimate partner violence was associated with younger and poorest women. This result points to the need to develop intersectoral policies, especially those aimed at reducing social inequalities and at the coping with intimate partner violence among adult women.

Keywords:
Intimate partner violence; Gender-based violence; Epidemiology; Cross-sectional studies; Health surveys

	Prevalence	95%CI
	%	Upper limit	Inferior limit
Age group
18–24	16.88	16.03	17.77
25–39	36.96	36.02	37.90
40–59	46.16	45.19	47.13
Education level
No formal education and some elementary school	25.08	24.20	25.98
Elementary school and some high school	14.53	13.86	15.22
High school and some college	41.20	40.24	42.16
College degree	19.20	18.35	20.08
Race/skin color
White	41.91	40.88	42.94
Black	11.59	10.98	12.22
Mixed-race	45.25	44.28	46.22
Region of residence
North	8.20	7.83	8.58
Northeast	27.03	26.24	27.85
Southeast	42.65	41.49	43.81
South	14.25	13.62	14.90
Midwest	7.80	7.46	8.30
Income
Up to one MW	56.21	55.08	57.34
More than one to three MW	34.12	33.15	35.11
More than three to five MW	5.54	5.09	6.04
More than five MW	4.12	3.72	4.57

	Intimate partner violence
	Prevalence (95%CI)	PRc	95%CI	p-value
Age group (years)
18–24	8.96 (7.26–11.01)	1.47	1.15–1.88	0.002
25–39	8.88 (8.03–9.82)	1.46	1.26–1.69	0.000
40–59	6.08 (5.38–6.86)	1.00
Education level
No formal education and some elementary school	8.55 (7.40–9.86)	1.26	1.01–1.57	0.040
Elementary school and some high school	8.29 (7.11–9.65)	1.22	0.94–1.58	0.132
High school and some college	7.16 (6.30–8.12)	1.05	0.82–1.35	0.681
College degree	6.79 (5.55–8.34)	1.00
Race/skin color
Black	9.05 (7.56–10.79)	1.25	1.00–1.57	0.049
Mixed-race	7.58 (6.91–8.30)	1.05	0.90–1.23	0.555
White	7.22 (6.27–8.31)	1.00
Region of residence
Northeast	8.17 (7.45–8.96)	1.21	1.01–1.44	0.039
Southeast	7.63 (6.48–8.97)	1.13	0.90–1.41	0.293
Midwest	7.35 (6.33–8.52)	1.09	0.88–1.34	0.448
North	7.23 (6.34–8.24)	1.07	0.87–1.31	0.521
South	6.77 (5.81–7.88)	1.00
Income
Up to one MW	8.68 (8.01–9.40)	1.65	1.15–2.37	0.007
More than one to three MW	6.40 (5.16–7.91)	1.22	0.81–1.83	0.348
More than three to five MW	5.84 (4.29–7.90)	1.11	0.75–1.65	0.609
More than five MW	5.26 (3.70–7.44)	1.00

	Intimate partner violence
	PRadj	95%CI	p-value
Age group (years)
18–24	1.41	1.10–1.82	0.007
25–39	1.42	1.23–1.65	0.000
40–59	1.00
Education level
No formal education and some elementary school	1.17	0.92–1.49	0.209
Elementary school and some high school	1.01	0.77–1.32	0.950
High school and some college	0.88	0.68–1.12	0.295
College degree	1.00
Race/skin color
Black	1.12	0.89–1.40	0.338
Mixed-race	0.93	0.78–1.11	0.440
White	1.00
Region of residence
Northeast	1.08	0.88–1.34	0.463
Southeast	1.13	0.89–1.43	0.330
Midwest	1.07	0.85–1.35	0.557
North	0.97	0.77–1.22	0.775
South	1.00
Income
Up to one MW	1.55	1.08–2.23	0.018
More than one to three MW	1.22	0.79–1.86	0.369
More than three to five MW	1.09	0.73–1.62	0.666
More than five MW	1.00

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[TFN1] MW: minimum wage. Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics; CI: confidence interval.