Factors associated with the survival of elderly men in almost 15 years

Prospective cohort study, where time zero is the year 2000 and deaths (final event) were measured until November 2014. The independent variables were obtained from personal characteristics, childhood life, educational status, lifestyle, social support, work history, socioeconomic situation, and health condition.

Results:

At the end of the period, 25.8% of elderly men remained alive and the factors that stood out associated with a higher probability of survival were: performing 50% or more of the Basic and/or Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (95%CI 0.41 - 0.64), being the head of the family (95%CI 0.42 - 0.82), participating in the community (95%CI 0.52 - 0.88), working on their own (95%CI 0.54 - 0.88), and owning a home and goods (95%CI 0.56 - 0.92).

Conclusion:

Characteristics related to a greater autonomy of the elderly men, even after almost 15 years, contributed to an increase in the probability of survival.

Keywords:
Survival analysis; Longevity; Aged; Demography

Covariables	% SABE	Death rate**		Alive in November 2014 in%***
Covariables	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	p
Performs 50% or more of BADL/IADL	79.9	13.9	5.5	15.5	49.9	< 0.0001
Lives with someone who goes to or went to school	74.7	9.4	5.9	30.0	47.4	0.0004
Owns a home and goods	32.2	7.9	4.6	36.9	55.8	0.0007
Participates in community	25.2	7.5	4.6	38.9	55.2	0.0008
Head of family	92.8	14.1	6.3	21.8	44.6	0.0035
Had illnesses up to 15 years of age	80.8	8.9	6.2	32.8	45.4	0.01
Predominantly self-employed or owner of company	24.4	7.3	5.0	40.1	51.9	0.0535

Covariables	Death risk rate**
Covariables	Yes	95%CI		p
Performs 50% or more of BADL/IADL	0.43	0.34	0.53	< 0.0001
Head of family	0.45	0.31	0.65	< 0.0001
Participates in community	0.62	0.48	0.80	< 0.0001
Owns a home and goods	0.62	0.49	0.79	< 0.0001
Predominantly self-employed or owner of company	0.68	0.53	0.86	0.001
Had illnesses up to 15 years of age	0.73	0.57	0.93	0.010
Lives with someone who goes to or went to school	0.73	0.58	0.92	0.007

Covariables	HR	Error	z	P > z	95%CI
Performs 50% or more of BADL/IADL	0.51	0.057	-5.99	0.000	0.41	0.64
Head of family	0.58	0.100	-3.14	0.002	0.42	0.82
Participates in community	0.67	0.091	-2.91	0.004	0.52	0.88
Predominantly self-employed or owner of company	0.69	0.085	-2.98	0.003	0.54	0.88
Owns a home and goods	0.72	0.092	-2.58	0.010	0.56	0.92
Had illnesses up to 15 years of age	0.77	0.100	-2.06	0.040	0.59	0.99
Lives with someone who goes to or went to school	0.79	0.094	-1.95	0.051	0.63	1.00

Covariables	rho	Chi2	df	Prob > chi2
Performs 50% or more of BADL/IADL	-0.03579	1.05	1	0.3046
Head of family	-0.01832	0.28	1	0.5986
Participates in community	-0.01530	0.23	1	0.6342
Predominantly self-employed or owner of company	0.05484	2.54	1	0.1109
Owns a home and goods	-0.02391	0.50	1	0.4786
Had illnesses up to 15 years of age	0.00429	0.02	1	0.8905
Lives with someone who goes to or went to school	0.04741	2.21	1	0.1371
Global test		6.88	7	0.4413

Covariables	Category	% elderly alive in said year*			Survival time**
Covariables	Category	5	10	14	75%	50%	25%
Performs 50% or more of BADL/IADL	No	54.7	23.9	8.9	2.6	5.4	9.9
Performs 50% or more of BADL/IADL	Yes	80.2	60.6	43.1	6.2	12.4	-
Head of family	No	56.9	21.2	16.4	2.5	5.4	7.7
Head of family	Yes	76.4	55.5	37.6	5.3	11.4	-
Participates in community	No	72.7	48.2	32.1	4.7	9.8	-
Participates in community	Yes	82.1	67.7	48.0	8.4	13.5	-
Predominantly self-employed or owner of company	No	71.8	49.8	33.8	4.5	9.9	-
Predominantly self-employed or owner of company	Yes	85.0	63.1	43.0	8.4	12.5	-
Owns a home and goods	No	70.8	48.2	28.8	4.2	9.6	-
Owns a home and goods	Yes	84.0	63.5	51.4	7.5	14.3	-
Had illnesses up to 15 years of age	No	65.7	40.0	28.1	3.3	8.2	-
Had illnesses up to 15 years of age	Yes	77.3	56.3	38.0	5.5	11.6	-
Lives with someone who goes to or went to school	No	66.1	37.0	25.3	3.3	7.9	14.2
Lives with someone who goes to or went to school	Yes	78.1	58.7	39.8	5.5	11.9	-
Has all features of the model	No	65.5	38.3	24.8	3.6	8.0	-
Has all features of the model	Yes	80.4	60.8	43.0	6.7	12.5	-

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E-mail: revbrepi@usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Jorge Avelino Bento. Rua Raul Pompeia, 221, Jardim Itapuã, CEP: 09260-630, Santo André, SP, BraZil. E-mail: ja.bento@outlook.com