Factors associated with the impact of oral health conditions on daily activities of adolescents, São Paulo State, 2015

Gushi, Lívia Litsue; Sousa, Maria da Luz Rosário de; Frias, Antônio Carlos; Antunes, José Leopoldo Ferreira

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Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. bras. epidemiol. 23 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200098 copy

Factors associated with the impact of oral health conditions on daily activities of adolescents, São Paulo State, 2015

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Objective:

To assess the association between the impact of oral health on daily life and sociodemographic variables with oral parameters in adolescents living in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from 5,409 adolescents who participated in the “State Oral Health Survey of São Paulo - OH”, 2015. The impact of oral health on daily life was assessed by the oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP) index, prevalence (presence or absence of impact) and severity of impact (OIDP scores). The negative binomial regression model (zeros-inflated) was used, considering the complex sampling and the sample weights. Prevalence ratio (PR), ratio of means (ROM) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Results:

The prevalence of impact was 37.4%. After adjusting for the model, the impact was more prevalent (PR = 1.59; 95%CI 1.22 ‒ 1.81) and more severe (RR = 1.49; 95%CI 1.22 ‒ 1.81) among females. Compared to white-skin people, all remaining groups had a higher prevalence of impact. Among socioeconomic characteristics, family income higher than R$ 2,501 (RR = 0.79; 95%CI 0.64 ‒ 0.98) and household crowding (RR = 1.18; 95%CI 1.00 ‒ 1.39) were associated with the severity of impact. In the oral health conditions, untreated caries (PR = 1.46; 95%CI 1.23 ‒ 1.74) and gingival bleeding (PR = 1.35; 95%CI 1.14 ‒ 1.60) were associated with higher prevalence of impact.

Conclusion:

Females, non-whites, with untreated caries and gingival bleeding were associated with higher impact of oral health on daily life. Family income higher than R$ 2,500 and living in less crowded households were factors associated with less impact.

Keywords:
Oral health; Quality of life; Adolescent; Socioeconomic factors

Demographic characteristics		n	PR	95%CI	ROM	95%CI
Sex	Male	2,346	1.00		1.00
Sex	Female	3,063	1.57	1.35 ‒ 1.87	1.50	1.19 ‒ 1.88
Age	15	1,514	1.00		1.00
	16	1,033	0.94	0.79 ‒ 1.12	0.94	0.69 ‒ 1.29
	17	865	1.13	0.96 ‒ 1.33	1.02	0.74 ‒ 1.39
	18	909	0.95	0.79 ‒ 1.15	1.05	0.74 ‒ 1.50
	19	1,088	1.30	1.06 ‒ 1.58	1.19	0.87 ‒ 1.63
Ethnicity	White	3,227	1.00		1.00
	Black	441	1.29	1.05 ‒ 1.57	1.01	0.68 ‒ 1.49
	Yellow	54	1.58	1.25 ‒ 1.99	2.84	1.42 ‒ 5.67
	Brown	1,677	1.17	1.00 ‒ 1.38	0.97	0.80 ‒ 1.17
	Indigenous	10	1.70	0.84 ‒ 3.41	1.61	0.61 ‒ 4.30
Socioeconomic conditions		n	PR	95%CI	ROM	95%CI
Number of people in household	up to 2	3,894	1.00		1.00
Number of people in household	2 or more	1,515	1.09	0.89 ‒ 1.35	1.13	0.90 ‒ 1.43
Family income	up to R$ 1,500	1,909	1.00		1.00
	1,501 a 2,500	1,444	0.86	0.69 ‒ 1.06	0.83	0.64 ‒ 1.09
	2,501 or more	2,056	0.89	0.73 ‒ 1.09	0.81	0.61 ‒ 1.07
Number of goods	up to 8	3,148	1.00		1.00
Number of goods	9 or more	2,261	0.94	0.82 ‒ 1.07	0.76	0.61 ‒ 0.94
Behavioral conditions		n	PR	95%CI	ROM	95%CI
School delay	No	4,165	1.00		1.00
School delay	Yes	1,244	1.04	0.89 ‒ 1.22	1.48	1.14 ‒ 1.93
Oral health conditions		n	PR	95%CI	ROM	95%CI
Untreated caries	No	3,316	1.00		1.00
Untreated caries	Yes	2,093	1.59	1.36 ‒ 1.86	1.26	1.00 ‒ 1.58
Gingival bleeding	No	3,640	1.00		1.00
Gingival bleeding	Yes	1,769	1.52	1.28 ‒ 1.80	1.35	1.08 ‒ 1.67
Dental calculus	No	3,727	1.00		1.00
Dental calculus	Yes	1,682	1.34	1.13 ‒ 1.58	1.22	1.01 ‒ 1.47

Demographic characteristics ^a		PR	95%CI	ROM	95%CI
Sex	Male	1.00		1.00
Sex	Female	1.59	1.36 ‒ 1.86	1.49	1.22 ‒ 1.81
Age	15	1.00		1.00
	16	0.96	0.82 ‒ 1.13	0.90	0.65 ‒ 1.23
	17	1.08	0.90 ‒ 1.29	0.81	0.58 ‒ 1.11
	18	0.90	0.75 ‒ 1.09	0.86	0.62 ‒ 1.20
	19	1.17	0.95 ‒ 1.44	0.92	0.68 ‒ 1.23
Ethnicity	White	1.00		1.00
	Black	1.28	1.05 ‒ 1.57	1.00	0.70 ‒ 1.44
	Yellow	1.46	1.07 ‒ 1.97	2.70	1.46 ‒ 5.02
	Brown	1.20	1.03 ‒ 1.40	0.99	0.83 ‒ 1.19
	Indigenous	1.84	1.04 ‒ 3.27	1.60	0.54 ‒ 1.15
Socioeconomic conditions ^b		PR	95%CI	ROM	95%CI
Number of people in household	up to 2	1.00		1.00
Number of people in household	2 or more	1.08	0.87 ‒ 1.34	1.18	1.00 ‒ 1.39
Family income	up to R$ 1.500	1.00		1.00
	1.501 a 2.500	0.85	0.70 ‒ 1.05	0.83	0.63 ‒ 1.08
	2.501 or more	0.92	0.76 ‒ 1.12	0.79	0.64 ‒ 0.98
Number of goods	up to 8	1.00		1.00
Number of goods	9 or more	0.99	0.87 ‒ 1.34	0.81	0.68 ‒ 1.41
Behavioral conditions ^c		PR	95%CI	ROM	95%CI
School delay	No	1.00		1.00
School delay	Yes	0.98	0.84 ‒ 1.14	1.29	1.02 ‒ 1.63
Oral health conditions ^d		PR	95%CI	ROM	95%CI
Untreated caries	No	1.00
Untreated caries	Yes	1.46	1.23 ‒ 1.74	1.15	0.94 ‒ 1.39
Gingival bleeding	No	1.00
Gingival bleeding	Yes	1.35	1.14 ‒ 1.60	1.24	0.97 ‒ 1.58
Dental calculus	No	1.00		1.00
Dental calculus	Yes	1.07	0.88 ‒ 1.29	1.04	0.88 ‒ 1.21

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[1] Corresponding author: José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes. Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo. Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, CEP: 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mail: leopoldo@usp.br