Chronic back pain among Brazilian adults: data from the 2019 National Health Survey

Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Bernal, Regina Tomie Ivata; Ribeiro, Edmar Geraldo; Ferreira, Erica de Matos Reis; Pinto, Rafael Zambelli; Pereira, Cimar Azeredo

doi:10.1590/1980-549720220032

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Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. bras. epidemiol. 25 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720220032 copy

Chronic back pain among Brazilian adults: data from the 2019 National Health Survey

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To estimate the prevalence of chronic back pain (CBP) and its associated factors.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study analyzed the 2019 National Health Survey, with 88,531 adults, using logistic regression to identify associated factors.

Results:

CBP was reported by 21.6% of adults and was more likely to occur among women (odds ratio — OR=1.27; 95% confidence interval — 95%CI 1.19–1.35), increased with age: 25–34 years (OR=1.30; 95%CI 1.11–1.51), 35–44 (OR=1.78; 95%CI 1.54–2.07), 45–54 years (OR=2.23; 95%CI 1.91–2.59), 55–64 years (OR=2.47; 95%CI 2.12–2.88), and 65 years or older (OR=2.17; 95%CI 1.85–2.54); among smokers (OR=1.24; 95%CI 1.13–1.35); ex-smokers (OR=1.30; 95%CI 1.21–1.39); those who mentioned heavy housework (OR=1.41; 95%CI 1.31–1.53); obesity (OR=1.12; 95%CI 1.03–1.21); hypertension (OR=1.21; 95%CI 1.11–1.32); high cholesterol (OR=1.53; 95%CI 1.42–1.65); with self-rated health — with a very good reference — in the gradients: good (OR=1.38; 95%CI 1.23–1.55), regular (OR=2.64; 95%CI 2.34–2.98), poor (OR=4.24; 95%CI 3.64–4.94), and very poor (OR=5.24; 95%CI 4.13–6.65); its likelihood was lower in adults with complete elementary school/incomplete high school (OR=0.82; 95%CI 0.75–0.90) and complete high school/incomplete higher education (OR=0.87; 95%CI 0.81–0.95).

Conclusion:

Back pain has a high prevalence and shows associations with demographic and socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, chronic diseases, and self-rated health.

Low back pain; Health surveys; Adult; Risk factors

Total	%*	95%CI (LL, UL)	p-value^†
Total	21.6	21.0–22.1	p-value^†
Sociodemographic
Gender
Male	18.3	17.6–19.0	<0.001
Female	24.5	23.7–25.2	<0.001
Age group (years)
18 to 24	9.3	8.2–10.4	<0.001
25 to 34	13	12.0–14.0
35 to 44	19.1	18.1–20.2
45 to 54	26.3	25.0–27.6
55 to 64	31.3	29.9–32.7
65 and over	31.3	30.0–32.5
Schooling
Incomplete elementary school	29.2	28.2–30.1	<0.001
Incomplete high school	18.2	16.9–19.4
Incomplete higher education	16.8	15.9–17.6
Complete higher education	18.6	17.4–19.8
Ethnicity/skin color^‡
White	22	21.2–22.9	0.2795
Black	21	19.7–22.3
Multiracial	21.3	20.6–22.0
Area
Urban	21.2	20.6–21.8	0.0003
Rural	23.7	22.5–25.0	0.0003
Lifestyle
Tobacco use
Non-smoker	18.5	17.9–19.2	<0.001
Ex-smoker	27.4	26.3–28.4
Smoker	24.1	22.7–25.5
Heavy housework
No	20.6	20.0–21.2	<0.001
Yes	26.7	25.4–28.0	<0.001
Heavy physical activity at work
No	21.8	21.2–22.4	0.1727
Yes	21	20.1–22.0	0.1727
TV >3 hours
No	21.1	20.5–21.8	0.0085
Yes	22.6	21.7–23.5	0.0085
Protective foods
No	21.7	21.1–22.3	0.4852
Yes	21.3	20.3–22.3	0.4852
Ultra-processed foods
No	22.4	21.8–23.0	<0.001
Yes	16.5	15.2–17.8	<0.001
Fruits and vegetables
No	21.5	20.9–22.1	0.6099
Yes	21.9	20.6–23.1	0.6099
Regular red meat consumption
No	22.2	21.6–22.8	0.0001
Yes	20	19.0–21.0	0.0001
Regular candy consumption
No	21.7	21.1–22.2	0.4267
Yes	21.1	19.8–22.4	0.4267
Regular soft drink consumption
No	22	21.4–22.5	<0.001
Yes	17.9	16.0–19.7	<0.001
Alcohol abuse
No	22.3	21.7–22.9	<0.001
Yes	18.1	17.0–19.2	<0.001
High salt intake
No	21.5	21.0–22.1	0.6521
Yes	21.9	20.4–23.4	0.6521
Metabolic risk factors and morbidity
BMI^§
Normal	19.2	18.4–19.9	<0.001
Overweight	22.1	21.3–22.9
Obesity	25.9	24.7–27.0
Hypertension
No	17.9	17.3–18.5	<0.001
Yes	33.2	31.9–34.5	<0.001
Cholesterol
No	19	18.5–19.6	<0.001
Yes	36.4	34.9–37.9	<0.001
Health status assessment
Very good	11.2	10.1–12.3	<0.001
Good	16.3	15.7–17.0
Regular	32.2	31.2–33.2
Poor	46.4	44.0–48.9
Very poor	52.9	47.8–58.0

Variables	OR*	95%CI (LL, UL)	p-value
Sociodemographic
Gender
Male	1		<0.001
Female	1.27	1.19–1.35	<0.001
Age group (years)
18 to 24	1		<0.001
25 to 34	1.30	1.11–1.51
35 to 44	1.78	1.54–2.07
45 to 54	2.23	1.91–2.59
55 to 64	2.47	2.12–2.88
65 and over	2.17	1.85–2.54
Schooling
Incomplete elementary school	1
Incomplete high school	0.82	0.75–0.90	<0.001
Incomplete higher education	0.87	0.81–0.95	<0.001
Complete higher education	0.97	0.88–1.07	0.52
Lifestyle
Tobacco use
Non-smoker	1		<0.001
Ex-smoker	1.30	1.21–1.39
Smoker	1.24	1.13–1.35
Alcohol abuse
No	1		0.02
Yes	1.11	1.01–1.21	0.02
Heavy housework
No	1		<0.001
Yes	1.41	1.31–1.53	<0.001
Metabolic risk factors and morbidity
BMI^†
Normal	1
Overweight	1.05	0.98–1.13	0.15
Obesity	1.12	1.03–1.21	<0.001
Hypertension
No	1		<0.001
Yes	1.21	1.11–1.32	<0.001
Cholesterol
No	1		<0.001
Yes	1.53	1.42–1.65	<0.001
Health status assessment
Very good	1		<0.001
Good	1.38	1.23–1.55
Regular	2.64	2.34–2.98
Poor	4.24	3.64–4.94
Very poor	5.24	4.13–6.65

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Deborah Carvalho Malta. Avenida Professor Alfredo Balena, 190, Santa Efigênia, CEP: 30130-100, Belo Horizonte (MG), Brazil. E-mail: dcmalta@gmail.com