Helmet use and injury severity among crashed motorcyclists in Brazilian state capitals: an analysis of the violence an accidents survey 2017

Souto, Rayone Moreira Costa Veloso; Corassa, Rafael Bello; Lima, Cheila Marina de; Malta, Deborah Carvalho

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Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev. bras. epidemiol. 23 (Suppl 01) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200011.supl.1 copy

Helmet use and injury severity among crashed motorcyclists in Brazilian state capitals: an analysis of the violence an accidents survey 2017

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Objective:

To analyze the effect of helmet use on injury severity among motorcyclists and passengers involved in traffic accidents.

Methods:

Cross-sectional study of traffic accidents involving motorcyclists attended at the emergency healthcare units participating in the Violence and Accidents Survey Conducted in Sentinel Emergency Departments (Viva Survey) 2017.

Results:

There was a predominance of individuals aged 18 to 29 years old (46.6%), black (75.2%), with high school education (50.6%). Alcohol use was observed in 14.1% of cases. Helmet use was associated with a 76% reduction in the occurrence of head trauma and a 28% reduction in the referral, hospitalization or death.

Conclusion:

Young, male, black individuals and those with low education were the most frequent victims of accidents. Helmet use was protective for severe injuries.

Keywords:
External causes; Traffic accidents; Health surveys; Ambulatory care; Patient acuity; Motorcycles

Characteristics		Passenger (n = 1,380)		Driver (n = 6,423)		Passenger and Driver (n = 7,803)
Characteristics		n	%**	n	%**	n	%**
Gender***	Female	905	64.5	1,011	13.4	1,916	22,8
Gender***	Male	475	35.5	5,412	86.6	5,887	77,2
Age range***	0 to 9 years	78	4.4	11	0.1	89	0.9
	10 to 17 years	219	15.3	256	4.2	475	6.2
	18 to 29 years	565	42.5	3,070	47.5	3,635	46.6
	30 years+	517	37.9	3,080	48.3	3,597	46.3
Race/Color	White/Caucasian	275	22.3	1,318	22.5	1,593	22.5
	Black	1,033	74.8	4,798	75.3	5,831	75.2
	Yellow/Indigenous	36	2.8	153	2.3	189	2.4
Education***	Up to elementar school	571	43.1	2,268	36.6	2,839	37.9
	High school	586	46.8	3,158	51.8	3,744	50.9
	Higher education	133	10.2	708	11.5	841	11.3
Work-related event ***		265	22.0	2,109	37.7	2,374	34.8
Suspected use of alcohol		159	13.3	898	14.2	1,057	14.1

Characteristics	Passenger (n = 1,380)		Driver (n = 6,423)		Passenger and Driver (n = 7,803)
Characteristics	n	%**	n	%**	n	%**
Nature of the injury****
No physical injury	55	3.2	138	2.1	193	2.3
Contusion, sprain/dislocation	719	36.0	1,700	32.8	2,419	33.4
Cut/laceration	560	29.7	1,825	29.1	2,385	29.2
Head trauma	27	2.5	164	3.0	191	2.9
Others***	535	28.5	2,002	33	2,537	32.1
Affected part of the body****
Head/Neck/Spine	206	11.9	673	12.0	879	12.0
Trunk/Upper limbs	487	24.2	1,804	31.1	2,291	29.9
Lower limbs	852	46.2	2,273	41.3	3,125	42.2
Multiple organs	291	17.6	945	15.7	1,236	16.0
Evolution
Discharge/Evasion	1,381	76.0	4,027	72.6	5,408	73.2
Referral/Hospitalization/Death	456	24.0	1,636	27.4	2,092	26.8

Characteristics		%**	p	PR	95%CI
Gender	Female	78.9	0.162
Gender	Male	80.8
Age range	0 to 9 years	51.5	< 0.001	0.63	0.50 - 0.79
	10 to 17 years	57.4		0.70	0.63 - 0.78
	18 to 29 years	81.7		Ref.
	30 years+	82.6		1.01	0.98 - 1.04
Race/Color	White/Caucasian	84.9	< 0.001	Ref.
	Black	78.8		0.93	0.90 - 0.96
	Yellow/Indigenous	86.0		1.01	0.95 - 1.08
Education	Up to elementar school	73.3	< 0.001	Ref.
	High school	83.6		1.14	1.10 - 1.18
	Higher education	91.4		1.25	1.19 - 1.30
Occupant	Passenger	73.8	< 0.001	Ref.
Occupant	Driver	81.8		1.11	1.07 - 1.15
Work-related event		9.4	< 0.001	1.20	1.15 - 1.25
Suspected use of alcohol		62.6	< 0.001	0.74	0.70 - 0.79

			Gross PR	95%CI	Adjusted PR	95%CI
Head trauma
Driver and Passenger**	Without helmet	8.13	Ref.		Ref.
Driver and Passenger**	With helmet	1.82	0.24	0.18 - 0.32	0.24	0.18 - 0.32
Driver***	Without helmet	8.13	Ref.		Ref.
Driver***	With helmet	1.82	0.22	0.16 - 0.31	0.25	0.17 - 0.36
Passenger**	Without helmet	5.4	Ref.		Ref.
Passenger**	With helmet	1.7	0.31	0.17 - 0.58	0.33	0.17 - 0.62
Referral to other hospitals/Hospitalization/Death
Driver and Passenger**	Without helmet	22.69	Ref.		Ref.
Driver and Passenger**	With helmet	16.37	0.72	0.62 - 0.84	0.72	0.62 - 0.83
Driver***	Without helmet	23.83	Ref.		Ref.
Driver***	With helmet	16.97	0.71	0.61 - 0.84	0.80	0.66 - 0.97
Passenger**	Without helmet	19.19	Ref.		Ref.
Passenger**	With helmet	13.36	0.7	0.5 - 0.97	0.71	0.52 - 0.98

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[1] Corresponding author: Rayone Moreira Costa Veloso Souto. Ministério da Saúde. SRTVN 701, Via W5 Norte, Ed. PO700, 6º andar, CEP: 70723-040, Brasília, DF, Brasil. E-mail: rayone.costa@saude.gov.br