Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA): alcohol consumption and associated factors

Miguez, Fernanda Garcia Gabira; Oliveira, Gabriela; Correa, Marcia Mara; Oliveira, Elizabete Regina Araújo

doi:10.1590/1980-549720230025

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Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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Brasil

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Original Article • Rev. bras. Epidemiol. 26 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720230025 copy

Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA): alcohol consumption and associated factors

Estudo de Risco Cardiovascular em Adolescentes (ERICA): consumo de álcool e fatores associados

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To analyze factors that influence alcohol consumption by Brazilian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years from the five macro-regions of Brazil, according to sociodemographic, schooling, and family characteristics.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study with data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). The outcome was assessed by alcohol consumption and considered the variables sex, age, ethnicity/skin color, maternal schooling level, having housemaids, number of bathrooms at home, living or not with parents, and type of school. For the analyses, the survey mode was used for complex samples. Poisson regression was performed to assess the magnitude of factors associated with alcohol consumption among adolescents.

Results:

The prevalence of alcohol consumption by adolescents was 22.1%. The variables age range of 15 to 17 years, higher socioeconomic status, and living alone or with only one of the parents were factors that remained associated with alcohol consumption by adolescents regardless of their region of residence. Protective factors in alcohol consumption were associated with variables related to lower economic conditions and being of Asian or indigenous descent.

Conclusion:

The percentage of adolescents who consume alcohol is worrisome and must be tackled with public policies and health education. Understanding which factors are related to this situation contributes to practices and policies aimed to reduce its prevalence and damage to health.

Keywords:
Adolescent; Alcohol consumption; Ethanol; Public health

Macro-region	Consumption of alcohol			Non-consumption of alcohol
Macro-region	n	%	95%CI	n	%	95%CI
Brazil	15,611	22.1	21.1–23.2	56,354	77.9	76.8–78.9
Central West	2,195	24.3	22.3–26.3	7,175	75.7	73.7–77.6
Northeast	4,052	17.2	15.7–18.9	18,347	82.7	81.1–84.3
North	2,311	15.4	14.4–16.5	12,246	84.5	83.5–85.6
Southeast	4,102	23.4	21.6–25.4	12,353	76.5	74.6–78.4
South	2,951	28.7	26.5–31.0	6,233	71.3	70.0–73.4

Variables		Brazil		Central West		Northeast		North		Southeast		South
Variables		%	95%CI	%	95%CI	%	95%CI	%	95%CI	%	95%CI	%	95%CI
Sex
	Girls	22.4	21.2–23.7	24.4	22.6–26.3	17.1	15.7–18.7	15.5	14.3–16.8	23.7	21.6–26.1	29.9	26.7–33.5
	Boys	21.8	20.3–23.4	24.1	21.4–27.1	17.4	15.3–19.7	15.3	14.0–16.7	23.1	20.4–26.0	27.5	24.4–30.7
Age (years old)
	12–14	14.2	21.6–26.4	14.4	12.9–16.0	10.8	9.2–12.7	9.5	8.6–10.6	15	13.5–16.7	20.3	18.1–22.6
	15–17	30.8	29.0–32.8	35.1	31.7–8.6	24.2	22.2–26.5	22	20.4–23.6	32.8	29.4–36.4	38.4	34.6–42.4
Ethnicity
	White	22.6	21.0–24.3	23.3	20.8–26.1	16.9	14.5–19.7	14.7	13.1–16.3	22.8	20.1–25.7	28.1	25.7–30.8
	Black	24.5	21.9–27.5	28.7	23.9–33.8	21.3	16.0–27.9	13.5	10.8–16.6	25.4	21.2–30.1	35.5	30.2–41.3
	Mixed-race	21.5	20.5–22.7	24.1	21.5–26.9	17	15.4–18.6	16	14.5–17.4	23.8	21.8–25.8	29.5	26.0–33.3
	Other	19	16.5–21.9	26.9	21.5–33.3	13.9	10.9–17.6	14	10.2–18.8	23.7	18.7–29.6	14.1	9.1–21.1
Number of bathrooms
	None	14.6	7.8–25.6	65.7	25.9–91.3	6.7	2.7–15.7	21.3	12.4–34.1	6.8	1.6–24.8	22.2	5.2–59.8
	1	21.3	20.3–22.4	23.4	20.7–26.5	17	15.0–19.1	14.4	13.2–15.7	22.7	21.1–24.4	27	24.3–29.8
	≥2	23.3	21.7–25.0	24.8	22.5–27.3	17.8	15.9–19.7	16.8	15.3–18.4	24.5	21.5–27.8	31.2	28.8–33.7
Housemaids
	None	21.3	20.2–22.4	23.1	20.9–25.4	16.7	14.9–18.6	14.6	13.5–15.7	22.5	20.6–245	28	25.8–30.4
	1	24.6	22.2–27.2	26.6	22.6–31.0	19.3	16.7–22.1	20.1	17.1–23.5	26.2	21.6–31.3	30.2	25.9–34.8
	≥2	29.6	26.8–32.4	32.4	26.4–38.9	20.6	15.8–26.2	17.9	14.4–21.9	32.5	28.1–37.4	39.4	33.1–46.1
Maternal schooling level
	<8	21.8	19.9–23.8	25.7	22.1–29.8	15.8	13.3–18.7	15.4	13.1–18.0	23.4	20.1–27.1	28.4	24.7–32.3
	≥8	22.5	21.3–23.8	24.1	21.7–26.5	18.2	16.4–20.1	15.1	13.9–16.2	23.7	21.7–25.9	29.7	26.5–33.0
Family structure
	Lives with both parents	19.8	18.7–20.8	20.3	18.2–22.6	15.5	13.7–17.5	13.4	12.2–14.7	20.8	19.1–22.6	25.9	23.3–28.7
	Lives with only one parent	24.6	23.2–26.0	29.3	26.1–32.7	19.1	17.2–21.2	17.2	15.7–18.9	25.7	23.2–28.3	33.2	30.8–35.7
	Lives alone	30	25.4–35.1	28.4	23.6–33.8	19.9	16.9–23.2	18.1	15.2–21.4	41.3	31.3–51.9	29.9	23.9–36.7
Type of school
	Public	22.2	20.9–23.3	24.3	22.1–26.6	17.9	15.9–20.2	15.2	14.1–16.4	23.3	21.3–25.4	28.1	25.9–30.4
	Private	21.1	18.6–25.9	24.1	19.1–29.8	14.9	12.1–18.1	17.3	12.5–23.5	24.1	18.1–31.2	32.7	24.2–42.4
School area
	Urban	22.1	21.0–23.1	24.2	22.4–26.5	16.9	15.3–18.7	15.5	14.4–16.6	23.3	21.4–25.3	29	26.8–31.4
	Rural	24	20.4–28.1	18.3	14.2–23.4	24.9	17.1–34.7	12.6	8.8–17.5	26.3	22.6–30.4	11.2	3.9–28.3

Variables		Brazil		Central West		Northeast		North		Southeast		South
		OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI	OR	95%CI
		OR	(p-value)	OR	(p-value)	OR	(p-value)	OR	(p-value)	OR	(p-value)	OR	(p-value)
Age
	15–17	2,64	2,36–2,94	3,15	2,65–3,75	2,69	2,28–3,16	2,65	2,35–2,99	2,76	2,27–3,35	2,47	2,03–2,99
			<0,001		<0,001		<0,001		<0,001		<0,001		<0,001
Ethnicity
	Black	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1,43	1,02–2,01
	Black	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1,43	<0,035
	Mixed-race	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	Other	0,76	0,62–0,93	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0,33	0,16–0,66
			<0,008										<0,002
Number of bathrooms
	None	0,54	0,31–0,95	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	None	0,54	<0,034	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	≥2	1,12	1,03–1,22	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1,31	1,15–1,49
			<0,007										<0,001
Housemaids
	1	1,26	1,13–1,40	1,45	1,17–1,80	1,32	1,09–1,59	1,5	1,24–1,82	1,33	1,11–1,59	–	–
	1	1,26	<0,008	1,45	<0,001	1,32	<0,003	1,5	<0,001	1,33	<0,002	–	–
	≥2	1,54	1,34–1,78	1,53	1,16 – 2,18	1,37	1,00 – 1,89	–	–	1,72	1,36–2,16	1,79	1,29–2,48
			<0,001		<0,01		<0,05				<0,001		<0,001
Family structure
	Lives with father or mother	1,34	1,22–1,46	1,55	1,28–1,86	1,24	1,11–1,49	1,31	1,15–1,48	1,3	1,11–1,52	1,5	1,30–1,74
	Lives with father or mother	1,34	<0,001	1,55	<0,001	1,24	<0,002	1,31	<0,001	1,3	<0,001	1,5	<0,001
	Lives without father and mother	1,71	1,34–2,17	1,4	1,10–1,79	–	–	1,32	1,06–1,65	2,75	1,73–4,36	–	–
	Lives without father and mother	1,71	<0,001	1,4	<0,006	–	–	1,32	<0,013	2,75	<0,001	–	–

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Fernanda Garcia Gabira Miguez. Rua Colatina, 283, Residencial Coqueiral, CEP: 29102-841, Vila Velha (ES), Brazil. E-mail: fernandagabirag@gmail.com.