Estimating depression-free life expectancy in the hearing-impaired population in Brazil

Moraes, Rafael Rodrigues de; Lopes, João Victor Antunes; Alves, Luciana Correia

doi:10.20947/S0102-3098a0292

person Rafael Rodrigues de Moraes

Rafael Rodrigues de Moraes is a PhD candidate in Demography at the Institute of Philosophy and Human Sciences (IFCH) at the University of Campinas (UNICAMP). He holds a Master’s and Bachelor’s degree in Statistics from the Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing (IMECC) at the same university. · conceptualization · data curation · formal analysis · methodology · software · visualization · writing - original draft · writing - review & editing

schoolUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil (hafer.moraes@gmail.com).

0000-0002-5782-3839

person João Victor Antunes Lopes

João Victor Antunes Lopes is a Master’s student in Demography at the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) as part of the European Doctoral School of Demography (EDSD), cohort 2024/2025. He holds a Master’s degree in Demography from the Institute of Philosophy and Human Sciences (IFCH) of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP) and a Bachelor’s degree in Public Administration from the Faculty of Applied Sciences (FCA) of the same university. · formal analysis · visualization · writing - original draft · writing - review & editing

schoolAutonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainschoolUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil and Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (joao-victor.antunes@hotmail.com).

0000-0002-1283-7321

person Luciana Correia Alves

Luciana Correia Alves holds a PhD in Public Health from the Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP) of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), a Master’s Degree in Demography from the Center for Development and Regional Planning (CEDEPLAR) of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and a Bachelor’s Degree in Physiotherapy from the School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy (EEFFTO) of the same university. Associate Professor in the Demography Department at the Institute of Philosophy and Human Sciences (IFCH) and Researcher at the Elza Berquó Population Studies Center (NEPO) at the University of Campinas (UNICAMP). · conceptualization · methodology · writing - review & editing

schoolUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil (lcalves@unicamp.br).

0000-0002-8598-4875

personRafael Rodrigues de MoraesRua Cora Coralina, 100, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo 13083-896 − Campinas-SP, Brazil

personJoão Victor Antunes LopesRua Cora Coralina, 100, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo 13083-896 − Campinas-SP, Brazil

personLuciana Correia AlvesRua Cora Coralina, 100, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo 13083-896 − Campinas-SP, Brazil

Conflicts of interest:

The authors certify that they have no personal, commercial, academic, political or financial interest that represents a conflict of interest in relation to the manuscript.

Editor:

Bernardo Lanza Queiroz

Variable	Code in microdata	Wording
Sex	C006	Sex of household respondent
Age	C008	Age of household respondent in years
Diagnosed with depression	Q092	Has any physician or mental health professional (psychiatrist or psychologist) ever given you a depression diagnosis? Levels (answer options): Yes No
Hearing impairment	G057 and G058 combined	(G057) Do you have any permanent hearing impairment even when using hearing aid devices? (G058) Do you have any permanent hearing impairment? Levels (answer options): No, no impairment whatsoever Yes, mild impairment Yes, heavy impairment Yes, full impairment
Knowledge of the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras)	G05801	Do you know how to use the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras)? Levels (answer options): Yes No

Level of impairment	Libras users (%)	Diagnosed with depression (%)	Libras users diagnosed with depression (%)
Not hearing impaired	2.8	7.6 (7.6358, 7.6358)	12.2 (12.227, 12.227)
Mildly hearing impaired	5.6	7.9 (7.9034, 7.9035)	15.7 (15.7074, 15.7097)
Heavily hearing impaired	12.9	14.9 (14.9428, 14.9433)	3.0 (2.9855, 2.9868)
Fully hearing impaired	61.3	5.5 (5.5059, 5.5068)	3.8 (3.8482, 3.849)

Sex	Age	Life expectancy	Depression-free life expectancy
Sex	Age	Life expectancy	Not or mildly impaired	Heavily or fully impaired
Both	0	73.76	67.76 (67.7596, 67.7682)	62.84 (62.7683, 62.9092)
	20	55.78	49.87 (49.8641, 49.8726)	45.36 (45.3037, 45.412)
	40	37.64	33.01 (33.0069, 33.0145)	29.26 (29.2151, 29.2973)
	60	21.06	18.68 (18.6764, 18.6829)	17.39 (17.3692, 17.4101)
	80	8.61	7.82 (7.8137,7.8204)	7.88 (7.8667, 7.8835)
Female	0	77.38	68.32 (68.3108, 68.3252)	60.00 (59.7985, 60.2046)
	20	59.12	50.18 (50.1703, 50.1845)	43.02 (42.8369, 43.2131)
	40	40.06	33.10 (33.097, 33.1097)	28.97 (28.915, 29.0343)
	60	22.61	19.16 (19.1506, 19.1612)	18.46 (18.4282, 18.4877)
	80	9.07	7.96 (7.9575, 7.9678)	8.34 (8.3255, 8.349)
Male	0	70.21	67.35 (67.3442, 67.3528)	64.17 (64.1158, 64.231)
	20	52.46	49.68 (49.6754, 49.6837)	46.21 (46.1523, 46.2716)
	40	35.12	32.98 (32.9803, 32.9878)	29.61 (29.563, 29.6638)
	60	19.34	18.17 (18.1649, 18.1714)	16.14 (16.1139, 16.1673)
	80	7.97	7.61 (7.6033, 7.6099)	7.33 (7.316, 7.3374)

Age group (x, x + n)	Total life expectancy e _x	Proportion of age group with depression _n π _x	Depression free life expectancy $\sqrt{S^{2} (D F L E_{x})}$	Standard error of DFLE S ² *DFLE* _x	Proportion of remaining life spent depression-free %DFLE	Lower confidence interval for DFLE	Upper confidence interval for DFLE
<1	73.76	0.0000	62.84	0.0360	0.85	62.77	62.91
1-4	74.02	0.0000	62.91	0.0366	0.85	62.84	62.98
5-9	70.22	0.0000	59.07	0.0367	0.84	59.00	59.15
10-14	65.32	0.0000	54.16	0.0367	0.83	54.09	54.23
15-19	60.43	0.1643	49.25	0.0368	0.82	49.18	49.32
20-24	55.78	0.0158	45.36	0.0276	0.81	45.30	45.41
25-29	51.24	0.1909	40.81	0.0273	0.80	40.76	40.86
30-34	46.69	0.2257	37.12	0.0238	0.79	37.07	37.16
35-39	42.14	0.0519	33.61	0.0214	0.80	33.56	33.65
40-44	37.64	0.3193	29.26	0.0210	0.78	29.22	29.30
45-49	33.23	0.2458	26.32	0.0177	0.79	26.28	26.35
50-54	28.98	0.1816	23.14	0.0149	0.80	23.11	23.17
55-59	24.92	0.3334	19.80	0.0128	0.79	19.77	19.82
60-64	21.06	0.1514	17.39	0.0104	0.83	17.37	17.41
65-69	17.42	0.3566	14.27	0.0091	0.82	14.25	14.29
70-74	14.09	0.1761	12.47	0.0063	0.88	12.46	12.48
75-79	11.14	0.0857	10.19	0.0049	0.91	10.18	10.20
80-84	8.61	0.0937	7.88	0.0043	0.91	7.87	7.88
85-89	6.55	0.0386	6.04	0.0038	0.92	6.03	6.05
90+	5.04	0.1342	4.37	0.0055	0.87	4.35	4.38

Age group (x, x + n)	Total life expectancy e _x	Proportion of age group with depression _n π _x	Depression free life expectancy $\sqrt{S^{2} (D F L E_{x})}$	Standard error of DFLE S ² *DFLE* _x	Proportion of remaining life spent depression-free %DFLE	Lower confidence interval for DFLE	Upper confidence interval for DFLE
<1	73.76	0.0000	67.76	0.0022	0.92	67.76	67.77
1-4	74.02	0.0000	67.92	0.0022	0.92	67.91	67.92
5-9	70.22	0.0000	64.10	0.0022	0.91	64.09	64.10
10-14	65.32	0.0000	59.19	0.0022	0.91	59.19	59.19
15-19	60.43	0.0529	54.29	0.0022	0.90	54.29	54.30
20-24	55.78	0.0608	49.87	0.0021	0.89	49.86	49.87
25-29	51.24	0.0616	45.59	0.0021	0.89	45.58	45.59
30-34	46.69	0.0807	41.29	0.0020	0.88	41.28	41.29
35-39	42.14	0.0970	37.09	0.0020	0.88	37.09	37.09
40-44	37.64	0.1238	33.01	0.0019	0.88	33.01	33.01
45-49	33.23	0.1351	29.15	0.0019	0.88	29.15	29.16
50-54	28.98	0.1289	25.48	0.0018	0.88	25.48	25.49
55-59	24.92	0.1430	21.95	0.0017	0.88	21.95	21.96
60-64	21.06	0.1352	18.68	0.0017	0.89	18.68	18.68
65-69	17.42	0.1230	15.57	0.0016	0.89	15.57	15.57
70-74	14.09	0.0995	12.68	0.0016	0.90	12.68	12.69
75-79	11.14	0.1127	10.02	0.0016	0.90	10.02	10.03
80-84	8.61	0.1056	7.82	0.0017	0.91	7.81	7.82
85-89	6.55	0.0647	6.03	0.0020	0.92	6.02	6.03
90+	5.04	0.1016	4.53	0.0029	0.90	4.52	4.54

Age group (x, x + n)	Total life expectancy e _x	Proportion of age group with depression _n π _x	Depression free life expectancy $\sqrt{S^{2} (D F L E_{x})}$	Standard error of DFLE S ² *DFLE* _x	Proportion of remaining life spent depression-free %DFLE	Lower confidence interval for DFLE	Upper confidence interval for DFLE
<1	77.38	0.0000	60.00	0.1036	0.78	59.80	60.20
1-4	77.57	0.0000	59.92	0.1052	0.77	59.72	60.13
5-9	73.77	0.0000	56.07	0.1055	0.76	55.87	56.28
10-14	68.86	0.0000	51.14	0.1056	0.74	50.94	51.35
15-19	63.96	0.3390	46.21	0.1057	0.72	46.01	46.42
20-24	59.12	0.2951	43.02	0.0960	0.73	42.84	43.21
25-29	54.30	0.2116	39.63	0.0435	0.73	39.55	39.72
30-34	49.50	0.4348	35.84	0.0376	0.72	35.77	35.91
35-39	44.76	0.1099	33.20	0.0329	0.74	33.13	33.26
40-44	40.06	0.4597	28.97	0.0304	0.72	28.91	29.03
45-49	35.47	0.3503	26.57	0.0252	0.75	26.52	26.62
50-54	31.02	0.1581	23.74	0.0211	0.77	23.70	23.78
55-59	26.73	0.5403	20.07	0.0190	0.75	20.03	20.10
60-64	22.61	0.0994	18.46	0.0152	0.82	18.43	18.49
65-69	18.71	0.5122	14.84	0.0138	0.79	14.81	14.87
70-74	15.11	0.1275	13.58	0.0091	0.90	13.56	13.60
75-79	11.88	0.1041	10.81	0.0079	0.91	10.80	10.83
80-84	9.07	0.1120	8.34	0.0060	0.92	8.33	8.35
85-89	6.80	0.0570	6.44	0.0046	0.95	6.43	6.45
90+	5.12	0.0472	4.88	0.0049	0.95	4.87	4.89

Age group (x, x + n)	Total life expectancy e _x	Proportion of age group with depression _n π _x	Depression free life expectancy $\sqrt{S^{2} (D F L E_{x})}$	Standard error of DFLE S ² *DFLE* _x	Proportion of remaining life spent depression-free %DFLE	Lower confidence interval for DFLE	Upper confidence interval for DFLE
<1	77.38	0.0000	68.32	0.0037	0.88	68.31	68.33
1-4	77.57	0.0000	68.37	0.0037	0.88	68.36	68.38
5-9	73.77	0.0000	64.54	0.0037	0.87	64.53	64.55
10-14	68.86	0.0000	59.62	0.0037	0.87	59.61	59.63
15-19	63.96	0.0676	54.70	0.0038	0.86	54.70	54.71
20-24	59.12	0.0834	50.18	0.0036	0.85	50.17	50.18
25-29	54.30	0.0844	45.75	0.0035	0.84	45.74	45.75
30-34	49.50	0.1123	41.34	0.0034	0.84	41.34	41.35
35-39	44.76	0.1469	37.11	0.0034	0.83	37.11	37.12
40-44	40.06	0.1858	33.10	0.0033	0.83	33.10	33.11
45-49	35.47	0.2027	29.37	0.0031	0.83	29.36	29.38
50-54	31.02	0.1899	25.84	0.0030	0.83	25.84	25.85
55-59	26.73	0.2066	22.38	0.0028	0.84	22.37	22.39
60-64	22.61	0.1920	19.16	0.0027	0.85	19.15	19.16
65-69	18.71	0.1624	16.05	0.0026	0.86	16.05	16.06
70-74	15.11	0.1376	13.07	0.0026	0.86	13.06	13.07
75-79	11.88	0.1531	10.29	0.0026	0.87	10.28	10.29
80-84	9.07	0.1340	7.96	0.0026	0.88	7.96	7.97
85-89	6.80	0.0898	6.04	0.0029	0.89	6.03	6.04
90+	5.12	0.1404	4.40	0.0041	0.86	4.39	4.41

Age group (x, x + n)	Total life expectancy e _x	Proportion of age group with depression _n π _x	Depression free life expectancy $\sqrt{S^{2} (D F L E_{x})}$	Standard error of DFLE S ² *DFLE* _x	Proportion of remaining life spent depression-free %DFLE	Lower confidence interval for DFLE	Upper confidence interval for DFLE
<1	70.21	0.0000	64.17	0.0294	0.91	64.12	64.23
1-4	70.51	0.0000	64.37	0.0299	0.91	64.31	64.42
5-9	66.71	0.0000	60.55	0.0300	0.91	60.49	60.61
10-14	61.82	0.0000	55.65	0.0301	0.90	55.59	55.70
15-19	56.95	0.0000	50.76	0.0301	0.89	50.70	50.82
20-24	52.46	0.0000	46.21	0.0304	0.88	46.15	46.27
25-29	48.17	0.1758	41.83	0.0309	0.87	41.77	41.89
30-34	43.82	0.0216	38.28	0.0258	0.87	38.23	38.33
35-39	39.46	0.0209	33.94	0.0256	0.86	33.89	33.99
40-44	35.12	0.1678	29.61	0.0257	0.84	29.56	29.66
45-49	30.89	0.0880	26.10	0.0224	0.84	26.05	26.14
50-54	26.81	0.2212	22.32	0.0205	0.83	22.27	22.36
55-59	22.96	0.1192	19.38	0.0150	0.84	19.36	19.41
60-64	19.34	0.1926	16.14	0.0136	0.83	16.11	16.17
65-69	15.95	0.2195	13.45	0.0113	0.84	13.43	13.47
70-74	12.87	0.2288	11.19	0.0088	0.87	11.17	11.21
75-79	10.19	0.0727	9.41	0.0059	0.92	9.39	9.42
80-84	7.97	0.0685	7.33	0.0055	0.92	7.32	7.34
85-89	6.16	0.0093	5.59	0.0049	0.91	5.58	5.60
90+	4.90	0.2213	3.81	0.0092	0.78	3.80	3.83

Age group (x, x + n)	Total life expectancy e _x	Proportion of age group with depression _n π _x	Depression free life expectancy $\sqrt{S^{2} (D F L E_{x})}$	Standard error of DFLE S ² *DFLE* _x	Proportion of remaining life spent depression-free %DFLE	Lower confidence interval for DFLE	Upper confidence interval for DFLE
<1	70.21	0.0000	67.35	0.0022	0.96	67.34	67.35
1-4	70.51	0.0000	67.60	0.0022	0.96	67.59	67.60
5-9	66.71	0.0000	63.79	0.0022	0.96	63.79	63.80
10-14	61.82	0.0000	58.90	0.0023	0.95	58.89	58.90
15-19	56.95	0.0361	54.02	0.0023	0.95	54.01	54.02
20-24	52.46	0.0352	49.68	0.0021	0.95	49.68	49.68
25-29	48.17	0.0348	45.53	0.0021	0.95	45.52	45.53
30-34	43.82	0.0455	41.32	0.0020	0.94	41.32	41.32
35-39	39.46	0.0424	37.15	0.0020	0.94	37.14	37.15
40-44	35.12	0.0541	32.98	0.0019	0.94	32.98	32.99
45-49	30.89	0.0575	28.97	0.0019	0.94	28.97	28.98
50-54	26.81	0.0630	25.13	0.0018	0.94	25.13	25.13
55-59	22.96	0.0701	21.52	0.0017	0.94	21.52	21.53
60-64	19.34	0.0703	18.17	0.0017	0.94	18.16	18.17
65-69	15.95	0.0754	15.03	0.0016	0.94	15.03	15.03
70-74	12.87	0.0500	12.23	0.0016	0.95	12.22	12.23
75-79	10.19	0.0576	9.68	0.0016	0.95	9.67	9.68
80-84	7.97	0.0675	7.61	0.0017	0.95	7.60	7.61
85-89	6.16	0.0203	6.03	0.0017	0.98	6.03	6.03
90+	4.90	0.0243	4.78	0.0025	0.98	4.78	4.78

[TFN1] Source: National Health Survey (IBGE, 2019).

Estimating depression-free life expectancy in the hearing-impaired population in Brazil^*

Estimativa da esperança de vida livre de depressão na população com deficiência auditiva no Brasil

Estimación de la esperanza de vida libre de depresión en la población con discapacidad auditiva de Brasil

Abstract

Estimating depression-free life expectancy in the hearing-impaired population in Brazil*

Estimativa da esperança de vida livre de depressão na população com deficiência auditiva no Brasil

Estimación de la esperanza de vida libre de depresión en la población con discapacidad auditiva de Brasil

Abstract

Estimating depression-free life expectancy in the hearing-impaired population in Brazil^*