Impact of COVID-19 on Brazilian women in teleworking

The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the personal, professional, and academic routines of female Brazilian teleworkers. This study aims to analyze the impact of teleworking on the lives of Brazilian women amid the pandemic. The method was a quantitative and exploratory approach, and an online cross-sectional survey conducted with 478 women. The results showed a positive correlation between academic routines and teleworking (p < 0.05; r > 0.00) and a significant association between emotional health and academic routines (p < 0.001). Black women were shown to expend more effort toward academic activities than White women (p < 0.044). The study results contribute to the social sciences by demonstrating the impact of COVID-19 on Brazilian women in teleworking and indicate potential implications for policy formulation and public management in Brazil.

Key words
Teleworking; Triple workload; Personal, academic, and professional routines

Hypotheses	Description
H1	Women’s professional routines are influenced by the teleworking model.
H2	There is a positive relationship between teleworking and greater dedication to work.
H3	There is a negative relationship between the number of children and women’s personal routines.
H4	Age and a higher number of children affect teleworking in women.
H5	There is a positive relationship between personal routine and academic routine.
H6	There is a negative relationship between teleworking and academic routine by race.
H7	Among Black and White women, skin color positively and differently influences academic routines.
H8	Women who are studying and telework present affected mental health.

Constructs	Items	Initial model			Final model
Constructs	Items	Factor loading	Commonality	Weight	Factor loading	Commonality	Weight
Personal routine	Q13	0.21	0.04	0.12
	Q14	0.61	0.37	0.34	0.92	0.84	0.55
	Q16	0.66	0.43	0.37	0.92	0.84	0.55
	Q22	0.30	0.09	0.17
	Q23	0.56	0.31	0.31
	Q26	0.39	0.15	0.22
	Q27	0.44	0.19	0.25
	Q30	0.43	0.18	0.24
Professional routine	Q10	0.73	0.53	0.64	0.75	0.57	0.66
	Q12	0.73	0.54	0.64	0.75	0.57	0.66
	Q19	-0.26	0.07	-0.23
Academic routine	Q7	-0.05	0.00	-0.03
	Q24	0.86	0.74	0.58	0.86	0.74	0.58
	Q29	0.86	0.74	0.58	0.86	0.74	0.58
Teleworking	Q20	0.73	0.53	0.38	0.73	0.53	0.38
	Q21	0.78	0.62	0.41	0.78	0.62	0.41
	Q25	0.69	0.48	0.36	0.69	0.48	0.36
	Q28	0.53	0.28	0.28	0.53	0.28	0.28

Constructs	Items	AVE (1)	CA (2)	CR (3)	KMO (4)	Dim. (5)
Personal routine	2	0.84	0.80	0.85	0.50	1
Professional routine	2	0.57	0.20	0.62	0.50	1
Academic routine	2	0.74	0.65	0.77	0.50	1
Teleworking	4	0.48	0.61	0.71	0.69	1

Construct	Indicators	Initial model			Final model
Construct	Indicators	Factor loading	Commonality	Weight	Factor loading	Commonality	Weight
Effort	Personal routine	0.19	0.04	0.11
	Professional routine	-0.29	0.08	-0.17
	Academic routine	0.89	0.80	0.51	0.92	0.84	0.54
	Teleworking	0.91	0.83	0.52	0.92	0.84	0.54

Construct	Items	AVE (1)	CA (2)	CR (3)	KMO (4)	Dim. (5)
Effort	2	0.84	0.79	0.86	0.50	1

Construct	N	Mean	SD	Minimum	1oQ	2oQ	3oQ	Maximum
Effort	478	3.30	1.11	1.00	2.43	3.45	4.33	5.00

Construct	N	Mean	SD	Minimum	1ºQ	2ºQ	3ºQ	Maximum
Personal routine	478	2.35	1.64	1.00	1.00	1.50	3.00	5.00
Professional routine	478	3.82	1.18	1.00	3.00	4.00	5.00	5.00
Academic routine	478	3.54	1.40	1.00	2.00	4.00	5.00	5.00
Teleworking	478	3.07	1.01	1.00	2.30	3.11	3.92	5.00

Indicators	Race	N	Mean	EP	1ºQ	2ºQ	3ºQ	P-value
Personal routine	White	237	2.30	0.10	1.00	1.50	3.00	0.731
Personal routine	Black	241	2.39	0.11	1.00	1.50	5.00	0.731
Professional routine	White	237	3.83	0.07	3.00	4.00	5.00	0.812
Professional routine	Black	241	3.80	0,08	3,00	4,00	5,00	0.812
Academic routine	White	237	3,41	0.10	2.00	3.00	5.00	0.092
Academic routine	Black	241	3,66	0.08	3.00	4.00	5.00	0.092
Teleworking	White	237	3.00	0.07	2.13	2.94	3.90	0.155
Teleworking	Black	241	3.13	0.06	2.34	3.14	3.93	0.155
Effort measure	White	237	3.21	0.08	2.27	3.25	4.33	0.108
Effort measure	Black	241	3.40	0.07	2.57	3.55	4.33	0.108

Indicators	Race	N	Mean	EP	1ºQ	2ºQ	3ºQ	P-value
Personal routine	White	237	2.30	0.10	1.00	1.50	3.00	0.578
	Brown	124	2.46	0.15	1.00	1.50	5.00
	Black	117	2.32	0.16	1.00	1.50	5.00
Professional routine	White	237	3.83	0.07	3.00	4.00	5.00	0.347
	Brown	124	3.71	0.11	3.00	4.00	5.00
	Black	117	3.91	0.12	3.00	4.00	5.00
Academic routine	White	237	3.41	0.10	2.00	3.00	5.00	0.044
	Brown	124	3.50	0.12	2.00	4.00	5.00
	Black	117	3.84	0.11	3.00	4.00	5.00
Teleworking	White	237	3.00	0.07	2.13	2.94	3.90	0.184
	Brown	124	3.06	0.08	2.32	3.14	3.69
	Black	117	3.21	0.09	2.59	3.14	3.95
Effort	White	237	3.21	0.08	2.27	3.25	4.33	0,058
	Brown	124	3.28	0.09	2.43	3.32	4.20
	Black	117	3.53	0.09	2.80	3.79	4.33

Factor	Personal routine	Professional routine	Academic routine	Teleworking	Effort	Age
Professional routine	-0.01 (0.770)
Academic routine	0.08 (0.024)	-0.06 (0.208)
Teleworking	0.02 (0.293)	-0.18 (0.000)	0.69 (0.000)
Effort	0.06 (0.058)	-0.13 (0.013)	0.93 (0.000)	0.90 (0.000)
Age	0.36 (0.000)	0.09 (0.069)	-0.08 (0,016)	-0.09 (0.044)	-0.10 (0.015)
Number of children	0.86 (0.000)	0.01 (0.196)	0.05 (0,640)	0.00 (0.566)	0,03 (0.973)	0.49 (0.000)

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