Tempo alocado para a paternidade em famílias da região Ural da Rússia: quantidades e determinantes

Voroshilova, Anzhelika; Bagirova, Anna

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. bras. estud. popul. 39 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.20947/S0102-3098a0197 copiar

Tempo alocado para a paternidade em famílias da região Ural da Rússia: quantidades e determinantes

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Este estudo tenta medir o tempo alocado aos filhos por meio da autoavaliação dos pais e do critério de suficiência subjetiva ou tempo insuficiente. Foram pesquisados 545 pais russos da região dos Urais e utilizou-se a análise fatorial para identificar os principais determinantes que afetam a autoavaliação do tempo alocado pelos pais. Verificou-se que os pais nas regiões russas dos Urais têm uma opinião comum de que não passam tempo suficiente com seus filhos. As razões para o tempo insuficiente alocado à educação dos filhos são as seguintes: sobrecarga de tarefas em casa e no trabalho; causas psicológicas de interação intergeracional; e razões externas, como estudo, saúde precária e necessidade de cuidar de outros parentes.

Palavras-chave:
Paternidade; Tempo; Custos de tempo; Alocação de tempo; Estudos familiares; Rússia

Characteristics	Parents (N=545)
Characteristics	N	%
Gender
Male	207	38.0
Female	338	62.0
Age of parents
18-29	54	9.9
30-39	238	43.7
40-49	253	46.4
Marital status
Registered marriage	417	76.5
Unregistered marriage	38	7.0
Widowed	13	2.4
Divorced	65	11.9
Never married	11	2.0
No answer	1	0.2
Number of children
1 child	230	42.2
2 children	263	48.3
3 children	46	8.4
4 children and more	6	1.1
No answer	0	0.0
Age of children
Under 3	85	(1) 15.6
4-6	121	22.2
7-12	288	52.8
13-17	187	34.3
18 and over	207	38.3
No answer	19	3.5
Sex of children
Boy/boys	186	34.1
Girl/girls	181	33.2
Boy(s) and girl(s)	171	31.4
No answer	7	1.3
Level of education
Secondary general (school only)	12	2.2
Professional (college / technical school)	102	18.7
Higher professional (university)	380	69.7
Postgraduate professional (academic degree)	41	7.5
No answer	10	1.8
Employment structure
Employees of state budgetary organizations and enterprises	298	54.7
Employees of private enterprises	177	32.5
Self-employed	10	1.8
Business owners	6	1.1
Unemployed	20	3.7
No answer	34	6.2
Area of employment
Education	138	25.3
Industry	85	15.6
Public administration	73	13.4
Trade and service	53	9.7
Construction	49	9.0
Agriculture	44	8.1
Social sphere	42	7.7
Healthcare	11	2.0
Other areas	50	9.2
No answer	0	0.0
Type of settlement
Urban	478	87.7
Rural	67	12.3
No answer	0	0.0

Indicators	Mean	Std Dev	Mode	Median	20 Percentile	60 Percentile	90 Percentile
Self-assessment of the sufficiency of time allocated to children (scale from 1 to 5)
Total	2.01	1.202	2.00	2.00	1.00	2.00	3.00
Men	1.83	1.203	2.00	2.00	1.00	2.00	3.00
Women	2.13	1.188	2.00	2.00	1.00	2.00	4.00

Groups of respondents	N	Mean rank	Mann-Whitney U Test			Kruskal Wallis Test
Groups of respondents	N	Mean rank	U	Z	Asymp. Sig	Chi-Square	df	Asymp.Sig
Gender
Female	207	327.72	40915.000	-2.761	0.006**
Male	338	288.86	40915.000	-2.761	0.006**
Age of the parents
18-29	54	217.49				46.703	2	0.000**
30-39	238	323.47
40-49	253	345.32
Level of education
Secondary general (school only)	12	216.62				12.750	3	0.005**
Professional (college / technical school)	102	324.13
Higher professional (university)	380	280.82
Postgraduate professional (academic degree)	41	237.24
Marital status
Registered marriage	417	334.18				56.577	4	0.000**
Unregistered marriage	38	261.97
Widowed	13	312.10
Divorced	65	343.49
Never married	11	176.07
Number of children
1	230	268.86
2	263	251.21
3	46	227.47				4.039	3	0.133
4	6	213.35
Type of family
Complete nuclear family	440	268.42
Complete extended family	37	269.16				0.075	3	0.995
Incomplete nuclear family	48	271.79
Incomplete extended family	12	278.63
Number of marriages
First marriage	415	253.87
Second marriage	82	262.88				0.425	2	0.809
Third marriage or more	12	240.17

Variables (the reasons for the insufficiency of time allocated to children)	Parents’ unwillingness	Overwork, overtime	Poor health	Studying	Caring for other family members	Overload with household chores	Children’s unwillingness to communicate
Parents’ unwillingness	-
Overwork, overtime	.442**	-
Poor health	.632**	.498**	-
Studying	.652**	.483**	.682**	-
Caring for other family members	.670**	.483**	.712**	.793**	-
Overload with household chores	.505**	.604**	.583**	.554**	.586**	-
Children’s unwillingness to communicate	.704**	.478**	.611**	.701**	.688**	.559**	-

Reasons	Components
Reasons	1	2	3
Parents’ unwillingness	.245	.165	.873
Overwork, overtime	.185	.874	.201
Poor health	.703	.339	.250
Studying	.785	.181	.290
Caring for other family members	.814	.235	.257
Overload with household chores	.340	.801	.168
Children’s unwillingness to communicate	.365	.233	.758

Reasons	Men			Women
	Components			Components
	1	2	3	1	2	3
Parents’ unwillingness	.301	.167	.896	.252	.187	.849
Overwork, overtime	.144	.902	.266	.206	.865	.180
Poor health	.607	.367	.384	.693	.343	.227
Studying	.816	.215	.210	.779	.145	.305
Caring for other family members	.800	.254	.298	.835	.219	.197
Overload with household chores	.532	.721	-.003	.275	.815	.227
Children’s unwillingness to communicate	.648	.167	.526	.285	.231	.804

Components	Mean	Std Dev	Median	Minimum	Maximum
Component 1	.000	1.000	-.298	-3.157	4.343
Component 2	.000	1.000	.042	-1.414	2.224
Component 3	.000	1.000	-.273	-2.714	4.801

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[1] Anzhelika Voroshilova
Ural Federal University Mira st., 19 620002 − Yekaterinburg, Russia