Normas Dris Para Manga ‘Keitt’ No Semiárido Brasileiro: Diagnose e Validação

Padrões nutricionais com base em dados de longo prazo melhoram o diagnóstico nutricional da cultura, pois tornam as normas mais precisas e estabelecem critérios mais refinados. Objetivou-se avaliar o estado nutricional da cultura da manga utilizando a meto-dologia DRIS para identificar as limitações nutricionais e para validar as normas. Foi utilizado banco de dados de 202 talhões comerciais, cujas folhas foram coletadas no período de in-dução floral, entre 2011 e 2018, no Semiárido brasileiro. A produtividade da manga ‘Keitt’, nas condições do Semiárido brasileiro, não foi relacionada com o IBN do DRIS. A concentra-ção dos nutrientes apresenta relação positiva e significativa com os respectivos índices DRIS, possibilitando a determinação do ponto de equilíbrio, estabelecendo um padrão nutricional e viabilizando a utilização da diagnose foliar para a variedade. A ordem de nutrientes com maior frequência de limitações por falta, em ordem decrescente, foi: Zn > Al > Na > Cu > S > B > Mn > P = K > Fe > Ca > N > Mg, e limitantes por excesso, em ordem decrescente, foi: Fe > Na > Mg > Al > Cu > B = N > S > Ca > P = K > Zn > Mn.

Termos para indexação
Diagnose Nutricional; Indução floral; Mangifera indica

Autoria

Leonardo Tullio

Federal University of Paraná, Soil Science Doctorate Program, Curitiba, Brazil. Email: leonardo.tullio@outlook.com Federal University of ParanáBrasilCuritiba, PR, Brasil Federal University of Paraná, Soil Science Doctorate Program, Curitiba, Brazil. Email: leonardo.tullio@outlook.com

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-8823

Danilo Eduardo Rozane Danilo Eduardo Rozane E-mail:danilo.rozane@unesp.br

São Paulo State University, Registro, Brazil. Email: danilo.rozane@unesp.br São Paulo State UniversityBrasilRegistro, SP, Brasil São Paulo State University, Registro, Brazil. Email: danilo.rozane@unesp.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0518-3689

Danilo Eduardo Rozane E-mail:danilo.rozane@unesp.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tabelas | Fórmulas

Figuras (4)
Tabelas (6)
Fórmulas (5)

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Figure 1
Relationship between average NBI mean values and yield of 'Keitt' mango orchards in the Brazilian semiarid region.

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Figure 2
Relationship between DRIS indices and the concentration of macronutrients in 'Keitt' mango leaves.

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Figure 3
Relationship between DRIS indices and the concentration of micronutrients in 'Keitt' mango leaves.

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Figure 4
Cate-Nelson partitioning for the relationship between NBI and yield for the 202 ‘Keitt’ mango plots. NPV = Negative Predictive Value; PPV = Positive Predictive Value; TN = True Negative; FP = False Positive; TP = True Positive; FN = False Negative; Ac. = Accuracy; Esp. = Specificity; Sens. = Sensitivity.

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Table 1
Mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of logarithms of nutrient ratios of the reference population.

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Table 2
Distribution (%), according to criterion established by Wadt (2005), of the potential fertilization response of the 'Keitt' mango crop in the Brazilian semiarid region from the low-yield population.

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Table 3
Calculation of the chi-square distribution of the frequency of 'Keitt' mango leaf samples from the low-yield population (1).

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Table 4
Frequency distribution of 'Keitt' mango leaf samples into nutritional classes defined by the DRIS method, from the low-yield population.

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Table 5
DRIS nutritional balance point for nutrients of the 'Keitt' mango crop in the Brazilian semiarid region.

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Table 6
Nutrient distribution range in “Keitt” mango leaves established by the DRIS norm calculation and literature.

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Figure 1 Relationship between average NBI mean values and yield of 'Keitt' mango orchards in the Brazilian semiarid region.

Figure 2 Relationship between DRIS indices and the concentration of macronutrients in 'Keitt' mango leaves.

Figure 3 Relationship between DRIS indices and the concentration of micronutrients in 'Keitt' mango leaves.

Figure 4 Cate-Nelson partitioning for the relationship between NBI and yield for the 202 ‘Keitt’ mango plots. NPV = Negative Predictive Value; PPV = Positive Predictive Value; TN = True Negative; FP = False Positive; TP = True Positive; FN = False Negative; Ac. = Accuracy; Esp. = Specificity; Sens. = Sensitivity.

Table 1 Mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of logarithms of nutrient ratios of the reference population.

N/	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	Na	Al
Mean	0.96	0.05	-0.20	0.86	1.00	-0.88	0.05	-0.91	-1.55	-0.68	-1.08	-1.10
Standard deviation	0.17	0.13	0.16	0.14	0.21	0.23	0.27	0.19	0.30	0.25	0.22	0.28
CV %	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.05	0.07	0.04	0.09	0.06	0.05	0.08
P/	N	K	Ca	Mg	S	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	Na	Al
Mean	-0.96	-0.91	-1.16	-0.10	0.04	-1.84	-0.92	-1.88	-2.51	-1.64	-2.05	-2.06
Standard deviation	0.17	0.13	0.15	0.17	0.22	0.23	0.28	0.23	0.30	0.25	0.25	0.28
CV %	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.05	0.08	0.05	0.09	0.06	0.06	0.08
K/	N	P	Ca	Mg	S	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	Na	Al
Mean	-0.05	0.91	-0.25	0.81	0.95	-0.93	0.00	-0.96	-1.60	-0.73	-1.13	-1.15
Standard deviation	0.13	0.13	0.16	0.13	0.19	0.22	0.27	0.18	0.30	0.24	0.23	0.28
CV %	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.07	0.03	0.09	0.06	0.05	0.08
Ca/	N	P	K	Mg	S	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	Na	Al
Mean	0.20	1.16	0.25	1.06	1.20	-0.68	0.24	-0.72	-1.35	-0.48	-0.89	-0.90
Standard deviation	0.16	0.15	0.16	0.14	0.22	0.20	0.28	0.21	0.29	0.25	0.22	0.28
CV %	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.05	0.04	0.08	0.04	0.08	0.06	0.05	0.08
Mg/	N	P	K	Ca	S	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	Na	Al
Mean	-0.86	0.10	-0.81	-1.06	-0.14	-1.74	-0.82	-1.78	-2.41	-1.54	-1.95	-1.96
Standard deviation	0.14	0.17	0.13	0.14	0.21	0.22	0.29	0.20	0.28	0.26	0.22	0.30
CV %	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.05	0.08	0.04	0.08	0.07	0.05	0.09
S/	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	Na	Al
Mean	-1.00	-0.04	-0.95	-1.20	-0.14	-1.88	-0.95	-1.91	-2.55	-1.67	-2.08	-2.10
Standard deviation	0.21	0.22	0.19	0.22	0.21	0.27	0.27	0.24	0.34	0.28	0.27	0.30
CV %	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.11	0.08	0.07	0.09
B/	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	Na	Al
Mean	0.88	1.84	0.93	0.68	1.74	1.88	0.93	-0.03	-0.67	0.21	-0.20	-0.22
Standard deviation	0.23	0.23	0.22	0.20	0.22	0.27	0.33	0.26	0.32	0.28	0.26	0.28
CV %	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.07	0.10	0.07	0.10	0.08	0.07	0.08
Cu/	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	B	Fe	Mn	Zn	Na	Al
Mean	-0.05	0.92	0.00	-0.24	0.82	0.95	-0.93	-0.96	-1.60	-0.72	-1.13	-1.15
Standard deviation	0.27	0.28	0.27	0.28	0.29	0.27	0.33	0.28	0.38	0.33	0.35	0.33
CV %	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.10	0.08	0.14	0.11	0.12	0.10
Fe/	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	B	Cu	Mn	Zn	Na	Al
Mean	0.91	1.88	0.96	0.72	1.78	1.91	0.03	0.96	0.24	0.24	-0.17	-0.19
Standard deviation	0.19	0.23	0.18	0.21	0.20	0.24	0.26	0.28	0.22	0.22	0.26	0.25
CV %	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.05	0.05	0.07	0.06
Mn/	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	B	Cu	Fe	Zn	Na	Al
Mean	1.55	2.51	1.60	1.35	2.41	2.55	0.67	1.60	0.63	0.87	0.47	0.45
Standard deviation	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.29	0.28	0.34	0.32	0.38	0.31	0.32	0.33	0.35
CV %	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.08	0.08	0.11	0.10	0.14	0.09	0.10	0.11	0.12
Zn/	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Na	Al
Mean	0.68	1.64	0.73	0.48	1.54	1.67	-0.21	0.72	-0.24	-0.87	-0.41	-0.43
Standard deviation	0.25	0.25	0.24	0.25	0.26	0.28	0.28	0.33	0.22	0.32	0.30	0.30
CV %	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.11	0.05	0.10	0.09	0.09
Na/	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	Al
Mean	1.08	2.05	1.13	0.89	1.95	2.08	0.20	1.13	0.17	-0.47	0.41	-0.02
Standard deviation	0.22	0.25	0.23	0.22	0.22	0.27	0.26	0.35	0.26	0.33	0.30	0.30
CV %	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.07	0.07	0.12	0.07	0.11	0.09	0.09
Al/	N	P	K	Ca	Mg	S	B	Cu	Fe	Mn	Zn	Na
Mean	1.10	2.06	1.15	0.90	1.96	2.10	0.22	1.15	0.19	-0.45	0.43	0.02
Standard deviation	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.30	0.30	0.28	0.33	0.25	0.35	0.30	0.30
CV %	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.09	0.09	0.08	0.10	0.06	0.12	0.09	0.09

Table 2 Distribution (%), according to criterion established by Wadt (2005), of the potential fertilization response of the 'Keitt' mango crop in the Brazilian semiarid region from the low-yield population.

Nutrient	p⁽²⁾	pz	z	nz	n
N	6.6	3.3	68.6	14.9	6.6
P	7.4	10.7	65.3	12.4	4.1
K	6.6	11.6	65.3	12.4	4.1
Ca	5.0	6.6	69.4	14.0	5.0
Mg	2.5	6.6	64.5	19.0	7.4
S	10.7	13.2	56.2	11.6	8.3
B	7.4	15.7	55.4	15.7	5.8
Cu	10.7	14.9	50.4	9.1	14.9
Fe	4.1	13.2	48.8	14.0	19.8
Mn	3.3	19.0	69.4	6.6	1.7
Zn	14.0	19.8	53.7	5.8	6.6
Na	7.4	19.8	44.6	15.7	12.4
Al	14.0	18.2	43.0	21.5	3.3

⁽²⁾
p: positive, with high probability; pz: positive, with low probability; z: null; nz: negative, with low probability; n: negative, with high probability, according to Wadt (2005).

Table 3 Calculation of the chi-square distribution of the frequency of 'Keitt' mango leaf samples from the low-yield population (1).

Nutrient	OF⁽³⁾	FE	(OF-EF)²/EF
N	6.6	7.7	0.2
P	7.4	7.7	0.0
K	6.6	7.7	0.2
Ca	5.0	7.7	1.0
Mg	2.5	7.7	3.5
S	10.7	7.7	1.2
B	7.4	7.7	0.0
Cu	10.7	7.7	1.2
Fe	4.1	7.7	1.6
Mn	3.3	7.7	2.5
Zn	14.0	7.7	5.3
Na	7.4	7.7	0.0
Al	14.0	7.7	5.3
	Chi-square		21.91 **

^*
(1) With response potential to positive and very likely fertilization (p), according to Wadt (2005). (3) OF and EF correspond to observed and expected frequencies, respectively. ** Significant at 1%.

Table 4 Frequency distribution of 'Keitt' mango leaf samples into nutritional classes defined by the DRIS method, from the low-yield population.

Nutrient	LL⁽¹⁾	NL	LE	Total
N	9.9	68.6	21.5	100
P	18.2	65.3	16.5	100
K	18.2	65.3	16.5	100
Ca	11.6	69.4	19.0	100
Mg	9.1	64.5	26.4	100
S	24.0	56.2	19.8	100
B	23.1	55.4	21.5	100
Cu	25.6	50.4	24.0	100
Fe	17.4	48.8	33.9	100
Mn	22.3	69.4	8.3	100
Zn	33.9	53.7	12.4	100
Na	27.3	44.6	28.1	100
Al	32.2	43.0	24.8	100

⁽¹⁾
LL- limiting due to lack; NL- non-limiting; LE- limiting due to excess.

Table 5 DRIS nutritional balance point for nutrients of the 'Keitt' mango crop in the Brazilian semiarid region.

Nutrient	DRIS nutritional balance point⁽¹⁾
N (g.kg^-1)	16.4
P (g.kg^-1)	1.8
K (g.kg^-1)	14.8
Ca (g.kg^-1)	25.9
Mg (g.kg^-1)	2.3
S (g.kg^-1)	1.8
B (mg.kg^-1)	135.3
Cu (mg.kg^-1)	17.9
Fe (mg.kg^-1)	142.6
Mn (mg.kg^-1)	651.0
Zn (mg.kg^-1)	94.5
Na (mg.kg^-1)	219.2
Al (mg.kg^-1)	261.8

⁽¹⁾
Nutrient concentration in leaves of nutritionally balanced 'Keitt' mango plants.

Table 6 Nutrient distribution range in “Keitt” mango leaves established by the DRIS norm calculation and literature.

Nutrient	Method	Adequate range	Adequate content
N	DRIS	13.7 - 19.1	16.4
	Quaggio et al. (1996)	12.0 - 14.0	-
	Medeiros et al. (2005)	-	12.9
	Araújo (2010)	-	13.8
P	DRIS	1.5 - 2.1	1.8
	Quaggio et al. (1996)	0.8 - 1.6	-
	Medeiros et al. (2005)	-	1.2
	Araújo (2010)	-	1.0
K	DRIS	12.4 - 17.2	14.8
	Quaggio et al. (1996)	5.0 - 10.0	-
	Medeiros et al. (2005)	-	6.9
	Araújo (2010)	-	8.5
Ca	DRIS	21.8 - 30.0	25.9
	Quaggio et al. (1996)	20 - 35	-
	Medeiros et al. (2005)	-	41.4
	Araújo (2010)	-	23.4
Mg	DRIS	1.9 - 2.7	2.3
	Quaggio et al. (1996)	2.5 - 5.0	-
	Medeiros et al. (2005)	-	4.0
	Araújo (2010)	-	2.4
S	DRIS	1.3 - 2.3	1.8
	Quaggio et al. (1996)	0.8 - 1.8	-
	Medeiros et al. (2005)	-	-
	Araújo (2010)	-	0.7
B	DRIS	93.2 - 177.4	135.3
	Quaggio et al. (1996)	50.0 - 100.0	-
	Medeiros et al. (2005)	-	-
	Araújo (2010)	-	82.7
Cu	DRIS	7.1 - 28.7	17.9
	Quaggio et al. (1996)	10.0 - 50.0	-
	Medeiros et al. (2005)	-	78.0
	Araújo (2010)	-	12.3
Fe	DRIS	68.4 - 216.8	142.6
	Quaggio et al. (1996)	50.0 - 200.0	-
	Medeiros et al. (2005)	-	114.0
	Araújo (2010)	-	84.5
Mn	DRIS	451.1 - 850.9	651.0
	Quaggio et al. (1996)	50.0 - 100.0	-
	Medeiros et al. (2005)	-	189.0
	Araújo (2010)	-	174.1
Zn	DRIS	53.0 - 136.0	94.5
	Quaggio et al. (1996)	20.0 - 40.0	-
	Medeiros et al. (2005)	-	96.0
	Araújo (2010)	-	28.6
Na	DRIS	116.5 - 321.9	219.2
	Quaggio et al. (1996)	-	-
	Medeiros et al. (2005)	-	-
	Araújo (2010)	-	-
Al	DRIS	132.4 - 391.2	261.8
	Quaggio et al. (1996)	-	-
	Medeiros et al. (2005)	-	-
	Araújo (2010)	-	-

^*
DRIS, floral induction phase; Quaggio et al. (1996), flowering phase; Medeiros et al. (2005), pre-flowering phase; Araújo (2010), pre-flowering phase.

I Y = \frac{\sum f [\frac{A}{B}] - \sum f [\frac{A}{B}]}{n}

N B I = |I N| + |I P| + |I K| + |I C a| + |I M g| + |I S| + |I B| + |I C u| + |I F e| + |I M n| + |I Z n| + |I N a| + |I A l|

N B I m e a n = \frac{N B I}{n}

E F % = [\frac{\frac{T o t a l N o . o f p l o t s e v a l u a t e d}{T o t a l N o . o f n u t r i e n t s}}{T o t a l N o . o f p l o t s e v a l u a t e d}] \times 100

O F % = [\frac{N o . o f p l o t s i n w h i c h t h e n u t r i e n t w a s (p)}{N o . o f p l o t s e v a l u a t e d}] \times 100

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Normas Dris Para Manga ‘Keitt’ No Semiárido Brasileiro: Diagnose e Validação

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[1] Danilo Eduardo Rozane E-mail:danilo.rozane@unesp.br