Evaluation of gas exchanges and production of genotypes of maçã banana type cultivated in the semi-arid region of Bahia

The objective of this study was to evaluate gas exchange and production of Maçã bananas type, at different times of the year and the day in semi-arid environment. Seven genotypes genotypes were used: Maçã, Caipira, BRS Tropical, BRS Princesa, YB42-03, YB42-17 and YB42-47, arranged in a completely randomized experimental design with five replicates and four useful plants per plot. For the physiological characteristics, a factorial arrangement 7x7x2 was considered (seven genotypes, seven evaluation periods, two reading times, 8:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m.). Photosynthetic rates, carboxylation efficiency, and instantaneous water use efficiency are higher at 8:00 a.m., due to meteorological conditions, while foliar temperature and transpiration are higher at 2:00 p.m., due to the elevation of air temperature and low humidity. Months with higher radiation and intermediate temperature provided higher rates of photosynthesis, higher efficiency of carboxylation and photochemistry of photosynthesis. In general, genotype YB42-47 was the most productive, with higher water use efficiency and photosynthesis rates.

Index terms
Musa spp; climate; physiology; hybrids

Authorship

Alessandre Gabriel Oliveira Ramos

Master’s Degree Student in Plant Production in the Semi-Arid – Federal Institute Baiano - Câmpus Guanambi, Distrito de Ceraima, Guanambi – BA. Work derived from the dissertation of the first author presented to the Master’s Degree in Plant Production in the Semi-Arid. E-mail: alessandre.ramos@hotmail.com Instituto Federal BaianoBrasilGuanambi, BA, Brasil Master’s Degree Student in Plant Production in the Semi-Arid – Federal Institute Baiano - Câmpus Guanambi, Distrito de Ceraima, Guanambi – BA. Work derived from the dissertation of the first author presented to the Master’s Degree in Plant Production in the Semi-Arid. E-mail: alessandre.ramos@hotmail.com

Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato

Agronomist, D.Sc., Professor - Federal Institute Baiano - Câmpus Guanambi, Distrito de Ceraima, Guanambi – BA, E-mail: sergio.donato@ifbaiano.edu.br, alessandro.arantes@ifbaiano.edu.br Instituto Federal BaianoBrasilGuanambi, BA, Brasil Agronomist, D.Sc., Professor - Federal Institute Baiano - Câmpus Guanambi, Distrito de Ceraima, Guanambi – BA, E-mail: sergio.donato@ifbaiano.edu.br, alessandro.arantes@ifbaiano.edu.br

Alessandro de Magalhães Arantes

Maurício Antônio Coelho Filho

Agronomist, D.Sc., Researcher - Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa s/n, Cruz das Almas – BA, E-mail: mauricio-antonio.coelho@embrapa.br Embrapa Mandioca e FruticulturaBrasilCruz das Almas, BA, Brasil Agronomist, D.Sc., Researcher - Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Rua Embrapa s/n, Cruz das Almas – BA, E-mail: mauricio-antonio.coelho@embrapa.br

Maria Geralda Vilela Rodrigues

Agronomist, D.Sc., Researcher, Epamig North / FAPEMIG Scholarship research, Nova Porteirinha - MG, E-mail: magevr@epamig.br Epamig Norte de Minas GeraisBrasilNova Porteirinha, MG, Brasil Agronomist, D.Sc., Researcher, Epamig North / FAPEMIG Scholarship research, Nova Porteirinha - MG, E-mail: magevr@epamig.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (3)
Tables (4)

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Figure 1
Averages of air relative humidity, maximum and minimum temperatures at the time of evaluations, from February to November 2011, Guanambi - BA.

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Figure 2
Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) determined at the time of physiological evaluations, from February to November 2011, Guanambi - BA.

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Figure 3
Rainfall (mm) from February to November 2011, Guanambi - BA.

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Table 1
Photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), instantaneous water use efficiency (A/E), carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci), µmol CO2 m^-2s^-1/µmol CO2 mol^-1, photochemical efficiency of photosynthesis (A/Qleaf), µmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1/µmol photons m^-2 s^-1 evaluated in the third leaf of Maçã banana type plants, between flowering of first and second cycle at different months and times of evaluations. Guanambi, BA, 2010-2011.

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Table 2
Photosynthetically active radiation on leaf surface (Qleaf), foliar temperature (Tleaf), internal concentration of CO₂ (Ci), and stomatal conductance (gs), evaluated in the third leaf of Maçã banana type, between flowering of first and second cycle of production, at different months and times of evaluations. Guanambi, BA, 2010-2011.

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Table 3
Photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration rate (E), instantaneous water use efficiency (A/E), ((µmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1) ((mmol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)^-1), and foliar temperature (Tleaf) evaluated in the third leaf Maçã banana type genotypes, between flowering of first and second cycle of production. Guanambi, BA, 2010-2011.

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Table 4
Yield of genotypes of Maçã banana type between flowering of the first and the second production cycle. Guanambi, BA, 2010-2011.

Figure 1 Averages of air relative humidity, maximum and minimum temperatures at the time of evaluations, from February to November 2011, Guanambi - BA.

Figure 2 Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) determined at the time of physiological evaluations, from February to November 2011, Guanambi - BA.

Figure 3 Rainfall (mm) from February to November 2011, Guanambi - BA.

Table 1 Photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), instantaneous water use efficiency (A/E), carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci), µmol CO2 m^-2s^-1/µmol CO2 mol^-1, photochemical efficiency of photosynthesis (A/Qleaf), µmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1/µmol photons m^-2 s^-1 evaluated in the third leaf of Maçã banana type plants, between flowering of first and second cycle at different months and times of evaluations. Guanambi, BA, 2010-2011.

Months	A (μmol CO₂ m^-2s^-1)		E (mmol H₂O m^-2s^-1)		A/E		A/C_i		A/Q_leaf
Months	8:00 am	2:00 pm	8:00 am	2:00 pm	8:00 am	2:00 pm	8:00 am	2:00 pm	8:00 am	2:00 pm
Feb	15.51 Ca	11.64 Db	3.14 Cb	5.11 Da	5.00 Ba	2.29 Db	0.073 Ca	0.056 Cb	0.031 Ba	0.014 Cb
Mar	15.23 Ca	15.74 Ba	2.91 Cb	4.78 Da	5.20 Ba	3.36 Bb	0.067 Ca	0.071 Ba	0.030 Ba	0.027 Ca
Apr	15.12 Ca	13.72 Ca	2.27 Db	4.00 Da	6.81 Aa	3.97 Ab	0.070 Ca	0.060 Cb	0.016 Ba	0.021 Ca
Jul	24.05 Aa	19.19 Ab	4.51 Bb	7.65 Ba	5.39 Ba	2.57 Cb	0.110 Aa	0.090 Ab	0.021 Ba	0.015 Ca
Aug	24.00 Aa	18.03 Ab	4.78 Bb	9.04 Aa	5.05 Ba	2.03 Db	0.114 Aa	0.083 Ab	0.024 Bb	0.049 Ba
Sep	24.98 Aa	18.06 Ab	6.94 Ab	7.57 Ba	3.70 Ca	2.56 Cb	0.114 Aa	0.085 Ab	0.088 Aa	0.071 Aa
Nov	18.28 Ba	15.55 Bb	3.60 Cb	6.28 Ca	5.20 Ba	2.53 Cb	0.084 Ba	0.072 Bb	0.031 Ba	0.018 Ca
CV(%)	21.49		24.78		23.33		23.19		106.48

^*
Averages followed by uppercase letters, in the columns for months, belong to the same grouping by the Scott-Knott criterion at 5% probability; and lowercase letters in the lines do not differ significantly by F-test at 5% probability.

Table 2 Photosynthetically active radiation on leaf surface (Qleaf), foliar temperature (Tleaf), internal concentration of CO₂ (Ci), and stomatal conductance (gs), evaluated in the third leaf of Maçã banana type, between flowering of first and second cycle of production, at different months and times of evaluations. Guanambi, BA, 2010-2011.

Months	Q_leaf (μmol fótons m^-2 s^-1)		T_leaf (^oC)		C_i (µmol CO₂ mol^-1)		gs (mol H₂O m^-2s^-1)
Months	8:00 am	2:00 pm	8:00 am	2:00 pm	8:00 am	2:00 pm	8:00 am	2:00 pm
Feb	531.79 Cb	1,106.86 Ba	31.36 Cb	39.19 Aa	217.64 Ba	210.51 Bb	0.278 Ca	0.215 Cb
Mar	515.80 Ca	606.95 Da	31.88 Cb	35.68 Ca	232.53 Aa	225.60 Ab	0.354 Ca	0.421 Ab
Apr	1,600.23 Aa	858.56 Cb	34.57 Aa	35.01 Ca	216.40 Bb	231.58 Aa	0.298 Ca	0.337 Ba
Jul	1,444.73 Aa	1,479.26 Aa	29.59 Db	37.30 Ba	217.76 Ba	212.52 Ba	0.499 Ba	0.381 Ab
Aug	1,455.05 Aa	1,069.07 Bb	31.08 Cb	39.93 Aa	213.55 Ba	216.45 Ba	0.509 Ba	0.381 Ab
Sep	990.71 Ba	845.75 Cb	33.58 Bb	37.53 Ba	219.65 Ba	210.21 Bb	0.611 Aa	0.356Ab
Nov	655.68 Cb	915.23 Ca	31.49 Cb	39.05 Aa	218.54 Ba	216.64 Ba	0.327 Ca	0.309 Ba
CV (%)	38.97		4.98		6.66		35.04

^*
Averages followed by uppercase letters, in the columns for months, belong to the same grouping by the Scott-Knott criterion at 5% probability; and lowercase letters in the lines do not differ significantly by F-test at 5% probability.

Table 3 Photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration rate (E), instantaneous water use efficiency (A/E), ((µmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1) ((mmol H₂O m^-2 s^-1)^-1), and foliar temperature (Tleaf) evaluated in the third leaf Maçã banana type genotypes, between flowering of first and second cycle of production. Guanambi, BA, 2010-2011.

Genotypes	A (μmol CO₂ m^-2s^-1)	E (mmol H₂O m^-2s^-1)	A/E	T_Leaf (^oC)
Caipira	18.77 A	5.56 A	3.92 B	34.77 B
YB42-17	17.92 A	5.48 A	3.76 B	35.34 A
BRS Tropical	17.80 A	5.65 A	3.66 B	35.43 A
YB42-03	17.20 B	4.82 B	4.16 A	34.58 B
BRS Princesa	16.63 B	4.83 B	3.98 A	34.75 B
Maçã	17.85 A	4.89 B	4.23 A	34.37 B
YB42-47	18.38 A	5.08 B	4.12 A	34.38 B
CV (%)	21.49	24.78	23.33	4.98

^*
Averages followed by same letters in the columns belong to the same group by the Scott-Knott criterion at 5% probability.

Table 4 Yield of genotypes of Maçã banana type between flowering of the first and the second production cycle. Guanambi, BA, 2010-2011.

Genotypes	Number of hands (unit)		Mass of hands (kg)		Yield of hands (Mg ha^-1)
Genotypes	1° cycle	2° cycle	1° cycle	2° cycle	1° cycle	2° cycle
Caipira	6.50 A	8.98 A	8.47 A	11.10 B	11.29 A	14.79 B
YB42-17	6.52 A	9.67 A	10.68 A	14.12 A	14.23 A	18.82 A
BRS Tropical	6.40 A	8.37 B	10.30 A	14.07 A	13.72 A	18.75 A
YB42-03	5.98 A	7.60 B	8.88 A	10.72 B	11.83 A	14.28 B
BRS Princesa	7.23 A	9.73 A	9.23 A	12.22 B	12.30 A	16.28 B
Maçã	7.35 A	8.08 B	11.53 A	12.07 B	15.36 A	16.08 B
YB42-47	6.40 A	8.13 B	10.50 A	11.20 B	13.99 A	14.92 B
CV (%)	17.56		15.98		9.08

^*
Averages followed by same letters in the columns belong to the same group by the Scott-Knott criterion at 5% probability.

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Evaluation of gas exchanges and production of genotypes of maçã banana type cultivated in the semi-arid region of Bahia

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[TFN0101] ^*
Averages followed by uppercase letters, in the columns for months, belong to the same grouping by the Scott-Knott criterion at 5% probability; and lowercase letters in the lines do not differ significantly by F-test at 5% probability.