Comparative pharmacognosy of <i>Pyrrosia petiolosa</i> and   <i>Pyrrosia davidii</i>

Cheng, Dandan; Zhang, Yingying; Xin, Xiaowei; Gao, Demin

doi:10.1016/j.bjp.2014.07.017

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Original articles • Rev. bras. farmacogn. 24 (4) • Jul-Aug 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2014.07.017 copy

Comparative pharmacognosy of Pyrrosia petiolosa and Pyrrosia davidii

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Pyrrosia petiolosa (Christ) Ching, Polypodiaceae, is an important medicinal pteridophyte used for the treatment of nephritis and bronchitis, while P. davidii (Giesenhagen. ex Diels) Ching, Polypodiaceae, often substitutes medicinal Pyrrosia in clinic. The present study was aimed to compare the pharmacognosy of P. petiolosa and P. davidii, including plant morphology, microscopic characteristics, physico-chemical parameters, UV and IR spectrum, and HPLC fingerprint. It was revealed that the two herbs had basically similar pharmacognostical characteristics but with certain differences. The present study contributes to the standardization and verification of these medicinal materials.

Comparative pharmacognosy; HPLC fingerprint; IR spectrum; Phytochemical studies; Pyrrosia davidii ; Pyrrosia petiolosa

Nº	Parameters		Pyrrosia petiolosa	Pyrrosia davidii
1		plant height (cm)	4-17	5-25
2		leaf types	dimorphic, trophophyll and sporophyll, ovate	monomorphic, sporophyll, lanceolate
3	Macroscopic characters	petiole length (cm)	2-3 (trophophyll), 6-12 (sporophyll)	2-5
4	Macroscopic characters	leaf blade length (cm)	3-4 (trophophyll), 4-6 (sporophyll)	5-15
5		leaf blade width (mm)	10-18 (trophophyll), 10-20 (sporophyll)	8-14
6		colour	grey brown (leaf) light brown (scales)	pale green (leaf) black brown (scales)
7		overall size	larger	smaller
8		branches numbers	6-11	5-10
9	Stellate hair	branches width (µm)	50-70	10-48
10	Stellate hair	branches length (µm)	260-380	200-570
11		handle cells	3-9	3-5
12		handle length (µm)	180-610	150-280
13		the inside of the principal veins under the skin	a small amount of sclerenchyma	no sclerenchyma
14	Transverse section of petiole	monostele	6-9	6-10
15	Transverse section of petiole	xylem type	'V'	'T'

Herbs	Nº	Location	Polysaccharides	Flavonoids	Saponins	Anthraquinone
	1	Epidermis	+	+++	+++	++
	2	Palisade tissue	+	++	+++	+++
	3	Spongy tissue	+	++	++	++
Pyrrosia petiolosa	4	Collenchyma	++	+++	++	-
	5	Phloem	+	++	++	++
	6	Xylem	+	-	-	-
	7	Epidermis	+	++	+	+
	8	Palisade tissue	+	+	++	++
Pyrrosia davidii	9	Spongy tissue	+	+	+	+
Pyrrosia davidii	10	Collenchyma	++	++	+	-
	11	Phloem	+	+	+	+
	12	Xylem	+	-	-	-

Nº	Parameters	Pyrrosia petiolosa (%)	Pyrrosia davidii (%)
1	Moisture content	8.90 ± 0.078	6.74 ± 0.102
2	Ash content	4.99 ± 0.142	4.62 ± 0.082
3	Acid insoluble ash content	0.53 ± 0.033	1.29 ± 0.031
4	Water-soluble extract content	18.18 ± 0.172	25.49 ± 0.480
5	Alcohol soluble extract content	15.92 ± 0.262	20.64 ± 0.445
6	Ether soluble extract content	9.68 ± 0.872	6.73 ± 0.266

Nº	Pyrrosia petiolosa (%)	Pyrrosia davidii (%)	Nº	Pyrrosia petiolosa (%)	Pyrrosia davidii (%)
1	60.80 ± 3.80	43.70 ± 2.80	8	-	2.34 ± 0.32
2	8.52 ± 0.86	6.84 ± 0.76	9	1.16 ± 0.12	3.01 ± 0.32
3	7.25 ± 0.56	5.65 ± 0.56	10	6.15 ± 0.57	2.60 ± 0.37
4	1.19 ± 0.20	0.42 ± 0.30	11	-	6.87 ± 0.69
5	1.55 ± 0.16	0.97 ± 0.16	12	0.45 ± 0.06	9.12 ± 0.86
6	0.54 ± 0.04	0.80 ± 0.07	13	0.61 ± 0.03	0.80 ± 0.03
7	1.43 ± 0.09	0.61 ± 0.09

Extract	Pyrrosia petiolosa (%)		Pyrrosia lavidii (%)
Extract	Leaves	Roots	Leaves	Roots
Aqueous	5.44 ± 0.125	1.07 ± 0.091	2.17 ± 0.082	0.41 ± 0.023
Methanol (50%)	6.90 ± 0.232	0.94 ± 0.038	3.63 ± 0.125	1.04 ± 0.061
Methanol	7.10 ± 0.252	1.27 ± 0.045	4.40 ± 0.116	1.07 ± 0.052
Ethanol (70%)	8.13 ± 0.173	1.60 ± 0.036	5.53 ± 0.093	1.17 ± 0.075
Acetone	0.78 ± 0.009	0.60 ± 0.007	0.62 ± 0.082	0.39 ± 0.021
n-butanol	0.70 ± 0.005	0.13 ± 0.008	0.37 ± 0.035	0.07 ± 0.003
Ethyl acetate	0.44 ± 0.008	0.09 ± 0.005	0.41 ± 0.046	0.16 ± 0.0007
Petroleum ether	0.02 ± 0.001	0.01 ± 0.0009	-	-

	Leaves		Roots		Acetone extraction
Nº	PP	PD	PP	PD	PP	PD
1	3391	3376	3334	3329	3456	-
2	2921	2921	2924	2925	3016	3017
	2853	2854	2851	2852	2970, -	2970, 2947
4	1738	1738	-	-	1739, -	1739, 1729
5	1639	1640	1644	1644	-	-
6	1520	1520	1542	1541	1435	1435
7	1436	1442	1438	1440	1455	1455
8	1371	1379	1374	1376	1355, 1365, 1369	1355, 1360, 1365
9	1249	1253	1240	1247	1229, 1217, 1206	1229, 1217, 1206
10	1050	1060	1036	1034	1092	1092
11	-	815	778	779	896	896
12	-	766	694	696	-	780
13	601	558	648	-	538	540
14	470	-	533	518	515	516
15	444	442	469	469	527	527
16	414	-	434	-	426	427
17	407	408	402	403	403	403

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[1] *Corresponding author. E-mail: gdm607@126.com (De. Gao).