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Impacto das alterações visuais nas quedas, desempenho funcional, controle postural e no equilíbrio dos idosos: uma revisão de literatura

The impact of visual alterations on falls, functional performance, postural control and balance in the elderly: a literature review

Resumo

Idosos com déficits visuais podem alterar seu estilo de vida e sua independência funcional. As alterações visuais podem ocasionar a redução na interação social e na qualidade de vida, presença de depressão e quedas. O controle do equilíbrio corporal pode estar diminuído em indivíduos com déficits visuais. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma revisão da literatura dos últimos 15 anos sobre o impacto das alterações visuais nas quedas, no desempenho funcional, no controle postural e no equilíbrio dos idosos. A avaliação da acuidade visual pode não ser suficiente para identificar indivíduos com risco de quedas. Outras medidas relacionadas à função visual, como contraste, sensibilidade e profundidade, também são importantes. Muitos problemas relacionados à baixa visão em idosos são passíveis de correção e tratamento, seja através das órteses ou mesmo da extração da catarata, melhorando, assim, a função visual e motora.

Palavras-chave:
Idoso; Portadores de deficiência visual; Transtornos da visão; Depressão; Acidentes por quedas; Impactos na saúde; Estilo de vida; Autonomia pessoal; Relações interpessoais; Qualidade de vida; Revisão

Abstract

Visual impairment in the elderly may alter their life style and functional independence. Visual alterations may cause depression, falls and a reduction in social interaction, altering the quality of life. The control of body balance may be impaired in individuals with visual deficits. The objective of this study was to review the last 15 years of literature on the impact of visual alterations through feedback from the visual system, on functional performance, on postural control and on balance in the elderly. The assessment of visual acuity may not be sufficient to identify those individuals who are at risk of falling. Other measurements related to visual function, such as contrast, sensitivity and depth perception, are also important. Many problems related to impaired vision in the elderly are correctable or treatable, either by the use of reflective vision correction or by extraction of cataracts, thus improving both visual and motor functions.

Key words:
Aged; Visually impaired persons; Vision disorders; Quality of life; Depression; Impacts on health; Life style; Personal autonomy; Interpersonal relations; Accidental falls; Review

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Datas de Publicação

  • Publicação nesta coleção
    Sep-Dec 2008

Histórico

  • Recebido
    04 Nov 2007
  • Revisado
    15 Abr 2008
  • Aceito
    30 Jun 2008
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