The combination of circulating levels of ANGPTL, omentin-1, leptin and cytokines is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome in different BMI groups

Objective:  This study aims to explore the combined role of ANGPTL3, 4, 8, omentin-1, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6 molecules known for their roles in fat metabolism, obesity, and inflammation, yet whose connection to PCOS is still debated in the development of PCOS.

Methods:  A prospective cross-sectional study involving PCOS patients (n=30) and BMI-matched controls (n=30) was conducted. Levels of ANGPTL3, 4, 8, omentin-1, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured in peripheral venous blood samples.

Results:  When dividing both the PCOS and control groups into six BMI-based subgroups normal weight (20-24.9 kg/m²), slightly overweight (25-29.9 kg/m²), and obese (30-39.9 kg/m²) there were significant differences in levels of ANGPTL3 and 8, omentin-1, leptin, IL-6, and TNF-α (p<0.05). Comparison between the entire PCOS and control groups showed that CRP levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group (p<0.0001), while omentin-1 levels were significantly lower (p=0.022). Regression analysis, including ANGPTL3, 4, 8, IL-6, and TNF-α alongside CRP and omentin-1, indicated a significant model for PCOS (Nagelkerke R²=0.698, p<0.0001, PPV=80%, NPV=90%). In ROC analysis, the AUC for CRP and omentin-1 were significant (p<0.05; AUC=0.800-0.328).

Conclusion:  This study suggests a continuous interaction among ANGPTL, omentin-1, leptin, and cytokines in the etiopathogenesis of PCOS.

Keywords
Polycystic ovary syndrome: Obesity; ANGPTL; Omentin-1; Leptin