Stem cell transplantation is the first line treatment of many hematological diseases and primary immunodeficiencies. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is still a severe complication after allogeneic transplantation and the main cause of mortality and morbidity. The study of the pathogenesis of GVHD may help to develop ways to prevent the disease, as well as to choose adequate immunosuppressant therapies. This study discusses the main immunological components involved in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic GVHD, with emphasis on the participation of cytokines and their control.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; graft-versus-host disease; cytokines
