COVID-19 IMPACTS ON GROUP SPORTS ACTIVITIES AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

ABSTRACT Introduction: Sports play an important role in maintaining community health, positively impacting the immune system. Behind the scenes of COVID-19 prevention, the value of exercise has been recognized in both individual and collective health needs. Yet, a current scenario of its use and psychosocial impact has to be documented. Objective: Study the impact of COVID-19 disease on group sports activities and explore residents’ social and psychological aspects. Methods: This paper adopts the online survey method by distributing relevant questionnaires to urban residents analyzing the current frequency of group sports activities, individual hobbies, and group sports activities, their distribution areas, organization, and the impacts generated by the pandemic. Results: The surveyed subjects in the study area have good physical activity habits. Male residents prefer ball games, and female residents prefer activities that explore relaxation and communication. Group sports activities have more followers. Conclusion: Despite the good habits verified in the majority of the population, it is necessary to improve outdoor facilities and indoor sports training places and establish a good system for disseminating information about the social-psychological service. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.


INTRODUCTION
Sociological research shows that "unconventional events" as a social environment can have a greater impact on people's behavior than "ordinary events". The sudden onset of New Coronavirus pneumonia in early 2020 (COVID-19, hereinafter referred to as COVID-19) hindered national economic growth, disrupted the normal social order, and posed a serious threat to the social environment, human life, health and safety. In order to prevent the spread of COVID-19, a major public health emergency has been launched across the country, as well as measures to prevent and control emergencies such as building closure and restricted personnel flow. 1 Fighting against COVID-19 is a major test of China's social management system and management capability, and a qualitative improvement of people's health knowledge and sports participation. Under the background of COVID-19 prevention, the value of physical exercise is fully recognized and affirmed in terms of individual health needs. Facing the increasingly infectious and increasingly destructive New Coronavirus, sports as an effective way to improve health and immunity, play an important role in protecting people's lives, health and safety. 2 Emergencies can often attract greater social attention and have strong social influence and destructive power. During the covid-19 epidemic, especially in the early stage of the epidemic, the discourse space was noisy and chaotic. 3 This paper holds that the psychological mechanism behind this phenomenon is group stress psychology, which is often accompanied by emergencies. People have a kind of psychological anxiety and panic because of their anxiety and fear of the current situation, especially the security problems caused by the epidemic. Stress psychology is the natural response of the body, which is manifested in psychological and behavioral abnormalities. Combined with the current tasks of the party and the state to realize the high level of national health and building healthy China, we explore the residents' sports lifestyle in the normalization of COVID-19's prevention and control, analyze the problems and related factors of the sports lifestyle under the normalization of COVID-19' s prevention and control, and link up the current social life background, and provide practical and feasible development strategies. It not only provides practical guidance for participating in exercise in the form of new crown prevention and control, promotes the formation of sports lifestyle, but also helps to implement the national fitness plan. 4

Questionnaire design
In order to analyze the influence and social psychology of the new crowns on the group sports activities more intuitively and systematically, this paper chose a city as the research object, which was affected by the COVID-19 city in 2020, and it was affected by the new crown. The distribution of residents of all ages in the city is reasonable and representative. Through the investigation of this city and the issuance of a large number of online questionnaires, this paper analyzes the group sports activities and psychology of urban residents. The study and all the participants were reviewed and approved by Ethics Committee of Lishui University (NO. 16LIUYS005).

Distribution and recovery of questionnaires
This paper adopts the way of online collection and sends out relevant questionnaires to urban residents to keep the gender ratio and the proportion of men and women in a relatively average state as far as possible. A total of 285 male questionnaires were collected, including 3 invalid questionnaires and 282 valid questionnaires; A total of 305 female questionnaires were collected, including 2 invalid questionnaires and 303 valid questionnaires.

Participation of regional group sports activities
Firstly, this paper analyzes the participation of regional overall sports activities, including the frequency of people of different ages participating in activities, common group sports exercise places, the preference of residents of different genders participating in activities, the organization form of group sports activities, etc., so as to have a better understanding of regional group sports, It also lays a foundation for the following analysis. In this study, because the object of discussion is group sports activities, home exercise, which is very popular after the epidemic, is separated, and this part is not discussed.
As shown in Figure 1, it is the place where residents prefer sports activities. As can be seen from Figure 1, outdoor parks and squares account for the highest proportion, accounting for 30.63%; The second is the gym, accounting for 24.24%; The third is the activity area of the unit, accounting for 19.63%; The fourth is the community fitness area, accounting for 12.74%; The last is highway, accounting for 8.65%; Another 4.11% belong to other areas, including commuting, relatively spacious unit hall or community hall, etc. It can be seen from the research in Figure  1 that the activity areas of outdoor parks, squares, gyms and units are the areas where urban residents most often participate in group sports activities. Among them, the elderly pay more attention to outdoor parks and squares because of their relatively low cost and certain communicative role. Young people and middle-aged people pay more attention to the activity areas of gyms and units. The former can provide more systematic and professional training, while the latter is more convenient. Group sports activities can be carried out after work or during lunch break, which is more suitable for young and middle-aged workers.
As shown in Table 1, the group sports of male residents are studied. It can be seen from table 1 that ball games, including basketball, football, badminton and so on, rank first, accounting for 36.17%; The second is running, accounting for 31.56%, and the third is walking, accounting for 10.99%. Through the investigation and interview with residents, it can be seen that male residents tend to prefer ball games, which are competitive and interesting exercise. As a sports habit, long-distance running is also more popular among many office workers and middle-aged and   elderly men. Vigorous walking is more suitable for some elderly people with chronic diseases or office workers on the way to and from work, so the proportion is also high. As shown in Table 2, the group sports of female residents are studied. It can be seen from table 2 that brisk walking and square dance rank first side by side, accounting for 26.73%, long-distance running projects rank third, accounting for 18.48%, and fitness facilities, including small area fitness facilities or unit fitness facilities, account for 16.83%. Through the interview with residents, it can be seen that female residents tend to pay more attention to the purpose of relaxation, leisure and communication, so their sports are more group, such as square dance, brisk walking, etc. they often exercise in a certain form of community organization, and the exercise of community fitness facilities can also enable women to achieve good communication purpose in the process of more soothing exercise. For some sports with strong competitiveness or high intensity, such as ball games, the proportion is low, accounting for only 7.59%.
As shown in Figure 2, the organizational form of group sports activities in the study area is shown. It can be seen from the figure that the highest proportion is the group activities of 2 ~ 5 people, accounting for 27.42%, which are often carried out in groups of several friends. The second is the outdoor sports in the form of community punch in, including running group, walking group, square dance group and so on, accounting for 22.56%. The third is gym sports, such as training classes opened by the gym and activities with private education organizations, accounting for 21.64%. As can be seen from Figure 2, group sports activities with strong social nature tend to account for a large proportion. For example, group activities in the form of 2 ~ 5 people are often composed of neighbors, colleagues, friends and so on. Such group sports account for the largest proportion in group sports, as do running groups or square dance groups. As a paid sport, the gym also virtually improves the frequency of residents' sports. However, for activities organized by similar social organizations or units, due to its lack of coherence, the proportion of participation is also low.

Impact of epidemic situation on regional group sports activities and social psychological analysis
This section studies the impact of the epidemic on regional group sports activities and related social psychology, and discusses the changes of residents' sports methods caused by the epidemic and the concerns of epidemic sports venues. The results are as follows. Figure 3 shows the impact of the epidemic on group sports activities. As can be seen from the graph, 32.62% of people think that the epidemic has a greater impact on sports activities, 24.72% think the impact is very large, 21.06% think there is a slight impact, and another 6.74% think it is impossible to judge whether there is any influence, and 14.86% think COVID-19 has no influence on their sports activities. It can be seen that for most people, epidemic situation has had a certain impact on their sports life. In the process of analyzing the specific impact, the interviewed residents said that their participation and awareness of sports have been greatly improved after the epidemic, and they believe that strengthening exercise can obtain higher resistance, so as to minimize the impact of the epidemic on themselves, their sports attitude has also changed positively, and many people have increased their sports frequency. Therefore, they think COVID-19 has a more positive impact on group sports activities. However, many people are pessimistic about this impact. It is believed that with the emergence of COVID-19, many sports venues are closed and people have fewer opportunities for outdoor communication, so many people often choose to do sports at home because they are afraid of cross infection, so that the enthusiasm of group sports activities gradually diminishes.

DISCUSSION
Through the investigation and analysis of the residents' sports activities, sports conditions, sports activities and sports lifestyle in the background of normalization of COVID-19's prevention and control, we can see that the residents do not attach enough importance to physical exercise and take a poor sense of active exercise. Their participation in sports activities is greatly influenced by objective factors such as work and homework. The guidance link of Health Science in the process of sports is relatively weak, and the infrastructure construction of sports venues and sports forms need to be further optimized. [5] In view of the problems existing in the sports lifestyle of residents under the background of normalization of COVID-19's prevention and control, combined with the current situation of COVID-19's prevention and control, it puts forward the following practical optimization strategies to provide practical guidance for residents to participate in physical exercise activities under the prevention and control of COVID-19's normalization. 6 Sports are the health protection for COVID-19. Scientific exercise can improve human immunity and play a positive role in preventing COVID-19. Therefore, the rational use of sports can effectively prevent COVID-19, enhance the physical quality of individuals, and promote the publicity of knowledge of fitness and epidemic prevention, so as to form normalization of sports health publicity, and effectively improve the residents' sports knowledge and awareness, and promote the formation