EFFECT OF BALANCE TRAINING ON THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF MARATHON RUNNERS

ABSTRACT Introduction: As a comprehensive sport, Marathon presents high demands concerning the athletes’ comprehensive capacity. Objective: This paper explores to what extent balance skill training can effectively contribute to improving physical fitness for marathon runners. Methods: 120 marathon runners were selected for the pilot experiment. The experimental group received balance training, while the control group underwent no intervention. Results: In the experimental group, the time with eyes closed and feet apart increased from 33.559 ± 15.8570 to 37.203 ± 15.5865s, the time spent in the T-shaped run from 10.144 ± 0.5063s to 9.908 ± 0.5225s, the time spent in the standing long jump from 2.831 ± 0.2648m to 3.058 ± 0.3183m, and the time spent in the T-shaped run from 55.544 ± 2.2581 to 60.845 ± 2.4367 times/min. The total FMS score changed from 14.618 ± 0.9392 to 18.481 ± 1.3909. Shoulder flexibility increased from 2.777 ± 0.4756 to 2.917 ± 0.2994, and active straight knee raise changed from 2.306 ± 0.4692 to 2.803 ± 0.403. Conclusion: Daily balance training can be added to usual marathon training to improve the fitness of its athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.


INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, with the gradual rise of "marathon fever", more and more people have participated in the marathon race.Sports marathon usually allows participants in good physical condition to participate in, so as to ensure good physical fitness, which can meet the requirements of participating in the marathon race. 1 This sport is the only track and field competitive event, and both men and women can participate in and fully integrate into the ranks of national fitness.At the same time, marathon has many characteristics, such as long distance, high intensity and relatively high risk.Generally speaking, natural ease is the main tone of the project. 2 The skill of marathon is that the step length needs to be appropriate and the pace should be faster, which will reduce energy consumption.The most critical stage is when the foot lands.The lower leg should be in a vertical state during the foot landing stage.Generally, the sole or outside of the foot lands first, and then the whole foot lands; 3 The landing process should not generate force, and the projection line of the body center of gravity should be used as the reference standard of the landing site.Balance training ability can play an effective role in activating nerves and controlling muscles. 4he nervous system of the human body continuously receives signals from the visual center, organ vestibule, muscle, joint capsule and proprioceptors in the skin, and achieves the goal of regulating body balance by activating and controlling muscles, so as to keep the limbs stable. 5he quality of balance ability is an important factor for the human body to maintain balance and stability when completing sports, and the lack of balance ability is the main cause of sports injuries in sports.Balance ability has a positive effect on the overall ability of marathon runners; 6 How to improve the overall ability of marathon runners through balance training; Which programs can effectively improve the runner's balance ability; Based on the above questions, this paper analyzes the relationship between marathon training and balance ability through experimental research. 7Marathon is a high-intensity sports event, which requires a high level of cardiopulmonary function.The main purpose of this study is to study the application of balance training in marathon competition. 8

Research object
In this paper, 120 professional marathon runners were selected as the experimental subjects, and there was no significant difference in the physical indicators of the selected experimental subjects.The study and all the participants were reviewed and approved by Ethics Committee of Education Bureau of Guanyun County (NO.EBGCF006).The average age of the subjects was 20-21 years old, the height was about 1.78m, and the average weight was 64kg.The 120 marathoners were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group for eight weeks of intervention training.The experimental group received eight weeks of balance training.The control group did not receive any balance training, but only daily training.During the 8-week experiment, 120 marathoners kept a normal diet.The specific conditions of the experimental objects are shown in Table 1.

Experimental methods
In this 8-week experiment, different training forms are adopted for marathon runners in the control group and the experimental group.Before training, 60 marathon runners in each group should be numbered, and the training sequence of marathon runners should be arranged according to their numbers.60 marathon runners in the experimental group should be trained for two weeks on the balance ability of primary intensity, Then carry out 4 weeks of intermediate strength balance training, and finally carry out 2 weeks of advanced strength balance training.The 60 marathoners in the control group did not take any intervention and only took normal marathon training during the 8-week experiment.

Effect of balance ability training on balance ability of marathon runners
Table 2 shows the changes of balance ability of marathon runners after 8 weeks of experiment.
According to the P value<0.05,there is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of closed eyes and single feet, and there is no significant difference in terms of T-running.At the same time, there are significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in standing long jump and sit ups.It shows that the balance ability training can improve the balance ability of marathon runners mainly in the aspects of closed eyes, standing long jump and sit ups, but not in the aspect of T-running.
The change rate of sit ups in the control group was the largest, 9.9924%, followed by the closed eyes and single feet in the experimental group, 9.7960%.However, only the T-shaped running change rate of the experimental group showed a negative value, indicating that after the balance ability training, the T-shaped running time of marathon runners would decrease, while the T-shaped running time of marathon runners without balance ability training would increase.After the balance ability training, the marathon runners' ability to close their eyes on one foot, standing long jump and sit up has been significantly improved, which is obviously better than the control group in these three aspects.

Effect of balance ability training on improving the metabolic level of marathon runners
Table 3 shows the changes of metabolic level of marathon runners after 8 weeks of experiment.
There is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of stable heart rate during exercise and recovery of heart rate after exercise, while there is no significant difference between the control group in terms of maximum oxygen uptake and strength endurance.At the same time, the experimental group had significant differences in the maximum oxygen uptake and strength The change rate of heart rate recovery after exercise in the experimental group was the most obvious, which was -8.2597%, followed by the strength endurance of the experimental group, which was 7.6815%.After the balance ability training, the marathon runners' heart rate will recover after the exercise and the running time and the stable heart rate during the exercise will decrease.After the balance ability training, the metabolic level of the marathon runners will be significantly improved, which should be significantly better than the control group.

Effect of balance ability training on comprehensive ability of marathon runners
Table 4 shows the changes of FMS comprehensive ability of 60 marathoners in the control group after the 8-week experiment.
Marathoners in the control group only had significant differences in the total FMS score, straight lunge, and trunk stability push up, while the rest had no significant differences.At the same time, the change rate of trunk stability push up is the most obvious, and the change rate of shoulder flexibility is the least.During normal marathon training, the stability of the athlete's trunk will be significantly improved in push up, straight lunge, hurdle stance and rotation.However, it will also lead to decreased shoulder flexibility and active straight knee lifting.
Table 5 shows the changes of FMS comprehensive ability of 60 marathon runners in the experimental group after 8 weeks of experiment.
Marathoners in the experimental group had significant changes in all aspects of the total FMS score.The change rate of shoulder flexibility is the smallest, and the change rate of rotation stability is the largest.It is worth mentioning that after the balance ability training, the athlete's shoulder flexibility, active knee lifting and other aspects will be improved, which is beyond the ordinary marathon training.

DISCUSSION
In order to avoid the injury of marathon athletes in sports, we need to clearly recognize that balance ability training is a relatively scientific training method, which can reduce sports injury to a certain extent.However, the ability of balance training is not perfect.After all, marathon sports have certain requirements for physical fitness.If there is pain or injury, you need to go to the hospital in time to find a professional sports rehabilitation personnel for careful treatment.It is necessary to train the balance ability according to the actual situation.You can't trust the balance ability training.Therefore, under the guidance of professionals and in combination with your own situation, it is necessary to develop personal training methods to improve your physical fitness.
Balance plays a leading role in all components of sports, whether in strength, speed, flexibility and endurance.The central nervous system, sensory vestibule, somatosensory system and human body system determine the ability of self balance.The nervous system constantly receives signals from vision, muscle, organ vestibule, joint capsule and proprioceptive organs in the skin, maintains body balance by awakening and controlling the stability of limbs, and provides guarantee for completing various difficult movements.
It can be seen that the sensory balance ability of the human body is the comprehensive embodiment of the functions of the nervous system and the motor system.In sports, no matter what kind of sports, athletes must rely on vestibular function.Good vestibular function is a prerequisite to ensure athletes to complete high-quality sports.Scientific and systematic training can improve the ability of athletes to maintain stability in different conditions and different spaces, which also improves the stability of the body.Especially in many competitive sports, athletes need a high degree of physical stability when jumping and landing.Therefore, strengthening the balance ability in training to maintain the stability of athletes in the marathon race plays an important role in the marathon race.Balance ability is the basis to ensure that the human body can complete all kinds of sports in the state of exercise.Especially in the marathon race, it requires highly coordinated and vigorous exercise.The importance of balance ability is increasingly obvious.Nowadays, more and more experts from different fields participate in the research on balance seeking ability, but the research content is biased greatly, and gradually involves in the training of marathon.
Nowadays, almost most sports events need good body balance ability, and athletes need good balance and sense of balance to achieve good performance in sports events.Similarly, in the marathon race, through balance training, the economic level of marathon athletes has made significant progress.In training, the body sometimes loses balance.Once the body loses balance, it needs more balance training to increase the balance of the body.By practicing balance ability, you

Table 1 .
Two groups of marathoners.

Table 2 .
The Effect of Balance Training on the Balance Ability of Marathoners.

Table 3 .
The Effect of Balance Training on the Metabolic Level of Marathoners.

Table 4 .
Effect of Control Training on Improving the Comprehensive Ability of Marathoners' FMS.

Table 5 .
The Effect of Balance Training on the Comprehensive Ability of Marathoners' FMS.