Open-access IS URINE LOSS INFLUENCED BY TYPE OF SPORT OR TRAINING LOAD? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Currently, several studies report urinary incontinence (UI) among young nulliparous and physically active young women. However, some studies investigate the prevalence of UI according to sports modality, while others use the training load. The purpose of this study was to verify if the sport modality is more crucial to the prevalence of UI than the training load among nulliparous young women. For this systematic review, three independent reviewers carried out a search of original studies in PubMed, LILACS and SciELO databases between 1994 and 2015. As search strategy we used the keywords urinary incontinence AND (physical activity OR women OR nulliparous OR athletes), registered in MeSH and DeCS. Only original studies published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, which examined UI in nulliparous women, athletes or physical activity practitioners were included. A total of 873 studies were selected, but only ten articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All articles were about cross-sectional studies, of which four related UI to the sport modality, five verified the training load with the urine loss and one study verified both aspects. A high prevalence rate of UI was found among athletes. There seems to be evidence that activities that require jumping, long landing, and running are the most likely to cause loss of urine. Furthermore, the higher training load seems to be associated with the amount of urine lost. This review shows the high UI rates in practitioners of high training loads associated with sports that require jumping, particularly in athletes. However, there is still no answer as to which sporting factor is most decisive for the loss of urine among nulliparous women.

Keywords:
pelvic floor; exercise; sports; urinary incontinence; women’s health.

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