CLINICAL AND PHYSICAL EFFICIENCY OF VIRTUAL REALITY GAMES IN SOCCER PLAYERS WITH LOW BACK PAIN

Nambi, Gopal; Abdelbasset, Walid Kamal; Elsayed, Shereen H.; Verma, Anju; George, Julie Saji; Saleh, Ayman K.

doi:10.1590/1517-8692202127062021_0034

Gopal Nambi Correspondence Gopal Nambi, Dept of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. physio_gopal@rediffmail.com

Physiotherapist

Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4203-5506

Walid Kamal Abdelbasset

Physiotherapist

Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.

Cairo University, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Department of Physical Therapy, Giza, Egypt.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4703-661X

Shereen H. Elsayed

Physiotherapist

Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Cairo University, Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorders and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Giza, Egypt.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5110-2961

Anju Verma

Physiotherapist

Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3960-1554

Julie Saji George

Physiotherapist

Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9591-7003

Ayman K. Saleh

Orthopedic Surgeon

Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.

Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Department of Orthopedics, Cairo, Egypt.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5759-6015

Correspondence Gopal Nambi, Dept of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. physio_gopal@rediffmail.com

All authors declare no potential conflict of interest related to this article

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS: GN, WK, SE, AV, JG, AK; Analysis and interpretation of the data: GN, WK, SE, AV, JG, AK; Drafting of the article: GN, WK, JG, AK; Critical revision: (AM), AK; Final approval: GN, WK, SE, AV, JG, AK; Provision of study materials: GN, WK, JG, AK; Statistical expertise: GN, SE; Obtaining of funding: GN, WK, SE, AV; Administrative, technical, or logistic support: GN, WK, SE, AV, JG, AK; Collection and assembly of data: GN, WK, SE, AV.

No	Variable	VR	CS	Control	p-value
1	Age (y)	21.45 ± 1.5	21.39 ± 1.4	20.97 ± 1.5	0.533^* * Non-Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
2	Height (m)	1.67 ± 0.15	1.66 ± 0.17	1.68 ± 0.16	0.925^* * Non-Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
3	Weight (kg)	68.3 ± 2.5	67.4 ± 2.6	68.9 ± 2.7	0.194^* * Non-Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
4	BMI (kg/m²)	23.8 ± 1.4	23.5 ± 1.5	22.9 ± 1.6	0.164^* * Non-Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
5	VO₂peak (mL/kg/min)	38.2 ± 3.7	37.9 ± 3.6	38.4 ± 3.1	0.900^* * Non-Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
6	HR (beats/min)	167 ± 5.7	169 ± 5.8	168 ± 5.4	0.536^* * Non-Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
7	Years of playing (y)	3.9 ± 1.7	4.1 ± 1.8	3.8 ± 1.5	0.846^* * Non-Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
8	Duration of Injury (m)	4.8 ± 0.5	5.2 ± 0.6	4.9 ± 0.5	0.056^* * Non-Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.

Sr.No	Variable		VR	CS	Control	p-value
1	Pain status	Base line	7.2 ± 0.6	7.3 ± 0.5	7.4 ± 0.5	0.501^* * Non Significant,
		4 weeks	4.1 ± 0.3	4.9 ± 0.5	6.1 ± 0.5	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		8 weeks	1.8 ± 0.4	3.2 ± 0.4	5.5 ± 0.3	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		6 months	1.1 ± 0.3	2.8 ± 0.3	4.5 ± 0.4	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		p-value	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
2	Quality of life	Baseline	8.59 ± 1.4	8.56 ± 1.3	8.43 ± 1.4	0.925^* * Non Significant,
		4 weeks	13.48 ± 1.3	12.22 ± 1.5	9.98 ± 1.3	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		8 weeks	18.31 ± 1.8	16.315 ± 1.6	11.22 ± 1.5	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		6 months	21.32 ± 2.1	18.79 ± 1.3	13.38 ± 1.5	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		p-value	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
3	40 m sprint	Baseline	15.92 ± 1.4	15.23 ± 1.5	15.48 ± 1.4	0.312^* * Non Significant,
		4 weeks	11.54 ± 0.9	12.89 ± 0.8	13.44 ± 0.9	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		8 weeks	8.43 ± 0.4	9.82 ± 0.4	11.21 ± 0.6	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		6 months	4.21 ± 0.2	6.33 ± 0.3	9.89 ± 0.5	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		p-value	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
3	Zigzag sprint (s)	Base line	23.92 ± 1.9	23.12 ± 1.8	23.76 ± 1.6	0.326^* * Non Significant,
		4 weeks	17.68 ± 0.8	15.12 ± 0.5	19.778 ± 0.6	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		8 weeks	10.48 ± 0.6	11.38 ± 0.5	16.78 ± 0.5	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		6 months	7.81 ± 0.3	9.19 ± 0.3	14.26 ± 0.4	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		p-value	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
4	Submaximal shuttle running Front/Back	Base line	8.56 ± 1.8	8.47 ± 1.6	7.97 ± 1.5	0.475^* * Non Significant,
		4 weeks	19.38 ± 1.5	19.29 ± 1.4	11.83 ± 1.5	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		8 weeks	26.48 ± 1.8	24.05 ± 1.5	16.28 ± 1.3	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		6 months	33.69 ± 2.2	29.52 ± 2.3	19.18 ± 1.8	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		p-value	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
	Right/Left	Base line	11.32 ± 2.1	11.21 ± 2.3	10.93 ± 2.2	0.846^* * Non Significant,
		4 weeks	19.21 ± 2.2	20.17 ± 2.5	13.08 ± 2.3	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		8 weeks	26.04 ± 2.4	27.58 ± 2.5	16.03 ± 2.4	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		6 months	34.23 ± 2.6	30.23 ± 2.2	18.06 ± 1.8	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		p-value	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
	Perpendicular	Base line	16.89 ± 2.8	17.23 ± 2.7	17.32 ± 2.5	0.865^* * Non Significant,
		4 weeks	32.29 ± 3.1	29.12 ± 3.2	22.47 ± 3.1	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		8 weeks	46.72 ± 3.7	42.05 ± 3.2	27.64 ± 3.0	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		6 months	62.98 ± 4.2	55.21 ± 3.8	34.12 ± 3.1	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		p-value	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.

Sr.No	Variable		VR	CS	Control	p-value
1	Counter Jump Distance (cm)	Baseline	21.22 ± 1.8	21.38 ± 1.7	21.27 ± 1.7	0.954^* * Non Significant,
		4 weeks	32.23 ± 2.1	31.34 ± 2.3	23.01 ± 2.1	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		8 weeks	42.21 ± 2.2	37.04 ± 2.4	25.12 ± 2.5	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		6 months	47.21 ± 2.4	42.21 ± 2.2	27.32 ± 2.1	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		p-value	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
	Strength (N)	Baseline	918.2 ± 112	912.5 ± 113	920.2 ± 114	0.975^* * Non Significant,
		4 weeks	1076.8 ± 122	1054.7 ± 121	963.3 ± 117	0.009^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		8 weeks	1238.5 ± 132	1192.3 ± 130	1082.2 ± 128	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		6 months	1392.7 ± 144	1225.6 ± 132	1136.4 ± 112	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		p-value	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
	Speed (m.s^-1)	Baseline	0.93 ± 0.03	0.94 ± 0.02	0.93 ± 0.03	0.408^* * Non Significant,
		4 weeks	1.36 ± 0.02	1.47 ± 0.02	1.09 ± 0.03	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		8 weeks	2.23 ± 0.03	1.97 ± 0.03	1.85 ± 0.02	0.002^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		6 months	2.92 ± 0.03	2.25 ± 0.03	1.19 ± 0.02	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		p-value	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
2	Squat Jump Distance (cm)	Baseline	17.72 ± 2.6	17.68 ± 2.4	17.92 ± 2.5	0.948^* * Non Significant,
		4 weeks	26.93 ± 1.8	26.38 ± 1.6	22.38 ± 1.5	0.193^* * Non Significant,
		8 weeks	38.23 ± 1.9	32.11 ± 1.7	24.56 ± 1.3	0.002^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		6 months	44.02 ± 2.2	39.24 ± 1.9	25.46 ± 1.2	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		p-value	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
	Strength (N)	Baseline	935.21 ± 89	931.642 ± 85	932.57 ± 86	0.990^* * Non Significant,
		4 weeks	1092.32 ± 101	1092.18 ± 105	976.21 ± 103	0.193^* * Non Significant,
		8 weeks	1373.83 ± 114	1267.38 ± 106	1053.2 ± 102	0.002^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		6 months	1460.43 ± 126	1326.57 ± 112	1092.4 ± 102	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		p-value	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
	Speed (m.s^-1)	Baseline	0.69 ± 0.03	0.67 ± 0.02	0.68 ± 0.03	0.073^* * Non Significant,
		4 weeks	1.38 ± 0.02	1.05 ± 0.02	0.92 ± 0.02	0.193^* * Non Significant,
		8 weeks	1.92 ± 0.02	1.32 ± 0.02	1.11 ± 0.02	0.002^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		6 months	2.53 ± 0.03	2.03 ± 0.03	1.23 ± 0.02	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.
		p-value	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.	0.001^ Significant, VR – Virtual reality, CS – Core stabilization.

[1] Correspondence Gopal Nambi, Dept of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. physio_gopal@rediffmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

CLINICAL AND PHYSICAL EFFICIENCY OF VIRTUAL REALITY GAMES IN SOCCER PLAYERS WITH LOW BACK PAIN

EFICIENCIA DE LOS JUEGOS DE REALIDAD VIRTUAL EN JUGADORES DE FUTBOL CON DOLOR DE ESPALDA BAJA

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion: