EFECTO DEL ENTRENAMIENTO FÍSICO EN EL BRONCOESPASMO INDUCIDO POR EL EJERCICIO EN JÓVENES ASMÁTICOS

Lopes, Wendell Arthur; Porto, Fernanda Errero; Leite, Neiva

doi:10.1590/1517-869220202601201675

Acessibilidade / Reportar erro

Brasil

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte

Español English

Brasil

Español English

sumário « anterior atual seguinte »

Sumário

Systematic Review Article, Medical Clinic • Rev Bras Med Esporte 26 (1) • Jan-Feb 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220202601201675 copiar

EFECTO DEL ENTRENAMIENTO FÍSICO EN EL BRONCOESPASMO INDUCIDO POR EL EJERCICIO EN JÓVENES ASMÁTICOS

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Introducción:

El asma bronquial es la enfermedad crónica más común en la infancia y su prevalencia ha aumentado en los últimos años. A pesar de que la práctica regular de actividad física (AF) sea considerada benéfica para la salud del asmático, especialmente en niños y adolescentes, también puede ser uno de los elementos desencadenantes del asma, conocido como broncoespasmo inducido por el ejercicio (EIB), que es considerado como uno de los factores que limitan la participación de asmáticos en la AF.

Objetivo:

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo revisar los efectos del acondicionamiento físico sobre el EIB en niños y adolescentes asmáticos.

Métodos:

Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Pubmed, Bireme y Web of Science, considerando publicaciones en el período de 1998 a abril de 2019.

Resultados:

Fueron seleccionados ocho artículos, siendo que cinco no presentaron diferencia significativa en las variables del EIB después del entrenamiento físico y tres demostraron beneficios significativos.

Conclusión:

No hay evidencias suficientes de que el entrenamiento físico contribuya para la reducción en la frecuencia y/o gravedad del EIB en jóvenes asmáticos. Todavía son pocos los estudios que buscan mostrar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento físico en la mejora del EIB en niños y adolescentes. Se sugiere la realización de más ensayos clínicos aleatorios que investiguen los efectos del entrenamiento físico sobre las variables del EIB en niños y adolescentes. Nivel de evidencia II; Revisión sistemática.

Descriptores:
Asma; Jóvenes; Entrenamiento físico; Broncoespasmo

Year	Author	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	Total
1999	Matsumoto et al.²¹21. Matsumoto I, Araki H, Odajima H, Nishima S, Higaki Y, Tanaka H, et al. Effects of swimming training on aerobic capacity and exercise induced bronchoconstriction in children with bronchial asthma. Thorax. 1999;54(3):196-201.	+	+	+	+	–	+	+	–	+	+	8
1999	Neder et al.²²22. Neder JA, Nery LE, Silva AC, Cabral AL, Fernandes AL. Short term effect of aerobic training in the clinical management of moderate to severe asthma in children. Thorax. 1999;54(3):202-6.	+	–	–	–	–	+	+	–	+	+	5
2000	Hallstrand et al.²³23. Hallstrand TS, Bates PW, Schoene RB. Aerobic conditioning in mild asthma decreases the hyperpnea of exercise and improves exercise and ventilatory capacity. Chest. 2000;118(5):1460-9.	+	–	–	–	–	+	+	–	–	+	4
2002	Natali et al.²⁴24. Natali AJ, Regazzi AJ, De Rose EH. Efeito do treinamento em natação sobre a severidade do broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício. Rev Paul Educ Fís. 2002;16(2):198-210.	+	–	+	–	–	+	+	–	+	+	5
2006	Silva et al.²⁵25. Silva CS, Torres LA, Rahal A, Terra Filho J, Vianna EO. Comparison of morning and afternoon exercise training for asthmatic children. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2006;39(1):71-8.	+	–	–	–	–	+	+	+	–	+	5
2007	Sidiropoulou et al.²⁶26. Sidiropoulou MP, Fotiadou EG, Tsimaras VK, Zakas AP, Angelopoulou NA. The effect of interval training in children with exercise-induced asthma competing in soccer. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(2):446-50.	+	–	–	–	–	+	+	–	+	+	5
2007	Fanelli et al.²⁷27. Fanelli A, Cabral AL, Neder JA, Martins MA, Carvalho CR. Exercise training on disease control and quality of life in asthmatic children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(9):1474-80.	+	+	–	–	–	+	–	+	+	+	6
2014	Tahan et al.²⁸28. Tahan F, Eke Gungor H, Bicici E. Is Yoga Training Beneficial for Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction? Altern Ther Health Med. 2014;20(2):18-23.	–	–	–	–	–	+	+	+	+	+	5

Author/Year	Sample	Exercised-induced asthma assessment instruments	Intervention	Results
Matsumoto et al.²¹21. Matsumoto I, Araki H, Odajima H, Nishima S, Higaki Y, Tanaka H, et al. Effects of swimming training on aerobic capacity and exercise induced bronchoconstriction in children with bronchial asthma. Thorax. 1999;54(3):196-201.	n=16 (total) Age= 8-10 years n=8 (experimental) n=8 (control) Randomized	6 weeks; bronchial provocation test with 6-minute exercise on cycle ergometer; above LT; FEV₁ assessment right after, 5 and 15 minutes after exercise.	Type= swimming (crawl) Intensity= acima do LT Duration= 30 minutes Frequency= 6x/week	↑ work load ↔ % FEV₁ after exercise
Neder et al.²²22. Neder JA, Nery LE, Silva AC, Cabral AL, Fernandes AL. Short term effect of aerobic training in the clinical management of moderate to severe asthma in children. Thorax. 1999;54(3):202-6.	n= 42 (total) Age = 8-16 years n=26 (experimental) n=16 (control)	8 weeks; bronchial provocation test with 6-minute exercise on cycle ergometer; 80% HR_max; FEV₁ assessment 5, 10 and 20 minutes after exercise; positive EIB for FEV₁>10% fall.	Type = running, with or without ball Intensity= 50-60% and 80-90%HR_max Duration = 45 minutes Frequency = 3x/week	↑ Aerobic fitness ↓ Anti-inflammatory medication ↔ % FEV₁ after exercise ↔ EIB Frequency
Hallstrand et al.²³23. Hallstrand TS, Bates PW, Schoene RB. Aerobic conditioning in mild asthma decreases the hyperpnea of exercise and improves exercise and ventilatory capacity. Chest. 2000;118(5):1460-9.	n= 10 (total) Age = 10-16 years n=5(experimental) n=5 (control)	10 weeks; bronchial provocation test with 12-minute exercise on cycle ergometer; progressive intensity until exhaustion; FEV₁ assessment 3, 6, 10 and 15 minutes after exercise; positive EIB for FEV₁>10% fall.	Type = aerobic exercise Intensity= 70-80%VO_2max Duration = 30 minutes Frequency = 3x/week.	↑ Aerobic fitness ↓ Exercise dyspnea ↔% FEV₁ after exercise
Natali et al.²⁴24. Natali AJ, Regazzi AJ, De Rose EH. Efeito do treinamento em natação sobre a severidade do broncoespasmo induzido pelo exercício. Rev Paul Educ Fís. 2002;16(2):198-210.	n= 32 (total) Age = 10-16 years n=16(experimental) n=16 (control)	10 weeks; bronchial provocation test with 8-minute exercise on treadmill, 85 to 90% HR_max; PEF assessment 5 and 10 minutes after exercise; positive EIB for FEV₁>10% fall.	Type = swimming (crawl) Intensity= 80-85% HR_max Duration = 45 minutes Frequency = 3 x/week	↓ PEF after exercise
Silva et al.²⁵25. Silva CS, Torres LA, Rahal A, Terra Filho J, Vianna EO. Comparison of morning and afternoon exercise training for asthmatic children. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2006;39(1):71-8.	n= 69 (total) Age = 8-11 years n=46 (experimental, bring 23 morning training and 23 afternoon training) n=23 (control)	16 weeks; Bronchial provocation test with 6-minute exercise on treadmill, 80% HR_max; FEV₁ assessment 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 45 minutes after exercise; positive EIB for FEV₁>10% fall.	Type = walking/running, swimming, stretching and calisthenics Intensity = not mentioned Duration = 90 minutes Frequency = 2 x/week	↑ Distance covered ↑ Abdominal muscle endurance ↔ % FEV₁ after exercise
Sidiropoulou et al.²⁶26. Sidiropoulou MP, Fotiadou EG, Tsimaras VK, Zakas AP, Angelopoulou NA. The effect of interval training in children with exercise-induced asthma competing in soccer. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(2):446-50.	n= 29 (total) Age = 10-12 years n=18 (experimental) n=11 (control)	8 weeks; Bronchial provocation test with 6-minute running, 80-90% HR_max; FEV₁ assessment 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after exercise; positive EIB for FEV₁>10% fall.	Type = cycling, calisthenics and stretching Intensity = above LT Duration = 45 minutes Frequency = 3 x/week	↑ Distance covered ↓ % FEV₁ after exercise
Fanelli et al.²⁷27. Fanelli A, Cabral AL, Neder JA, Martins MA, Carvalho CR. Exercise training on disease control and quality of life in asthmatic children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(9):1474-80.	n=38 (total) Age = 8-15 years n=17 (experimental) n=21 (control) Randomized	16 weeks; Bronchial provocation test with 6-minute exercise, 80% HR_max; FEV₁ assessment 2, 5, 10 and 20 minutes after exercise; positive EIB for FEV₁>10% fall.	Type = running and cycling, streching and resistance exercise Intensity= between LT and RCP and 15RM Duration = 90 minutes Frequency = 2x/week	↑ Aerobic fitness ↓ Exercise dyspnea ↑ Quality of Life ↔ Anti-inflammatory medication ↔ % FEV₁ after exercise
Tahan et al.²⁸28. Tahan F, Eke Gungor H, Bicici E. Is Yoga Training Beneficial for Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction? Altern Ther Health Med. 2014;20(2):18-23.	n= 20 (total) Age = 6-17 years n=10 asthmatic children (EIB+) 10 (EIB-) No control group	12 weeks; Bronchial provocation test with 6-minute exercise on treadmill with submaximal load, FEV₁ assessment 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after exercise; FEF _{25% -75%}, FVC, PEF%, PEFR and IgE levels, number of número de eosinophils. positive EIB for FEV₁>15% fall.	Type = hatha yoga Intensity= not mentioned Duration = 60 minutes Frequency = 2 x/week	↓ % FEV₁ after exercise (Only EIB+ group)

Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte Av. Brigadeiro Luís Antônio, 278, 6º and., 01318-901 São Paulo SP, Tel.: +55 11 3106-7544, Fax: +55 11 3106-8611 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: atharbme@uol.com.br

Acompanhe os números deste periódico no seu leitor de RSS

[1] Correspondence: Wendell Arthur Lopes. Rua Topázio, 1183, Jd. Brasil, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. 87.083-279. warthurlopes@gmail.com