HEMOGLOBIN ANALYSIS AFTER OVERLOAD TRAINING IN ATHLETES

The cardiovascular system provides athletes with the proper conditions for blood circulation, ensuring the stability and normal metabolism of the body's internal environment during exercise.

Objective:

Investigate the effect of overload training on the hemoglobin of male taekwondo athletes.

Methods:

Twenty-one male taekwondo athletes (level 2 or higher) were selected and trained for four weeks, five days per week, with an initial load intensity of 60% of the maximum heart rate and a weekly intensity increase of 10%. Before training and on every weekend during training, hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), reticulocyte count (Ret) were checked, RBC volume distribution width (RDW), hemoglobin content distribution width (HDW), mean reticulocyte volume (MCVr), mean reticulocyte hemoglobin concentration (CHCMr), serum iron (Fe) and ferritin (Fer).

Results:

After four weeks of increasing load training, athletes showed a progressive and significant decrease in Hb (P<0.01), manifested as exercise-induced hypohemoglobin, and MCV, MCH, MCHC, CHCMr, HDW, and serum ferritin were significantly or extremely decreased(P<0.) 05, P<0.01); RDW increased significantly (P<0.05); Changes in Ret and serum iron showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). Correlation analysis found that hemoglobin concentration had the highest correlation with MCHC and CHCMr.

Conclusion:

Four-week incremental load training can induce exercise-induced hypohemoglobin in male taekwondo athletes, its changes being most correlated with MCHC and CHCMr, but without significant correlation with serum Fe, RDW, HDW, and MCV. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Studies -Investigation of Outcomes.

Keywords:
Athletes; Hemoglobins; Reticulocyte Count; Exercise

	Exercise intensity	Exercise time (min/times)	Exercise times	Intermittent time (min)
Week 1	60%HRmax	30	2	5
Week 2	70%HRmax	20	3	5
Week 3	80%HRmax	12	4	5
Week 4	90%HRmax	8	6	5

	Before exercise	Weekend 1	Weekend 2	Weekend 3	Weekend 4
Hb (g/L)	137.60±11.80	129.70±9.10^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	126.40±9.20^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	124.40±8.30^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise; ^ P<0.01: compared with the week 1;	119.50±7.70^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise; ^ P<0.01: compared with the week 1; ^&& && P<0.01: Compared with the week 2.
MCV (fl)	79.95±6.45	81.12±6.63^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	80.93±6.48^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	79.73±6.18^ P<0.01: compared with the week 1; ^&& && P<0.01: Compared with the week 2.	79.37±5.89^#^ P<0.01: compared with the week 1; ^&& && P<0.01: Compared with the week 2.
MCH (pg)	28.01±2.72	27.86±2.58	27.68±2.56^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	27.61±2.59^#	27.68±2.45^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;
MCHC (g/L)	349.90±9.10	343.10±8.60^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	341.70±9.10^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	346.00±10.20^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise; *^&& && P<0.01: Compared with the week 2.	344.10±7.70^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;
Ret (x10⁹/L)	56.19±12.94	55.96±16.59	56.15±12.63	61.31±19.31	54.79±10.76
RDW (%)	12.91±0.54	12.98±0.59	13.05±0.68	13.07±0.82	13.25±0.77^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise; ^ P<0.01: compared with the week 1; ^&& && P<0.01: Compared with the week 2.
HDW (%)	2.58±0.30	2.53±0.29^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	2.55±0.28^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	2.52±0.26^#	2.53±0.30^#
Fe (μmol/L)	12.10±5.88	10.20±5.09	13.20±8.01	9.10±4.36	11.50±6.38
Fer (μg/L)	59.87±21.51	44.57±4.94^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	42.03±12.86^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	38.02±15.63^#*^&& && P<0.01: Compared with the week 2.	27.74±11.17^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise; ^ P<0.01: compared with the week 1; ^&& && P<0.01: Compared with the week 2.
MCVr (fl)	90.73±5.23	96.84±4.44^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	96.99±4.28^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	96.09±4.10^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	96.88±4.66^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;
CHCMr (g/L)	38.28±7.30	33.73±1.64^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	33.44±1.72^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	32.99±1.68^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise;	33.17±1.70^## ## P<0.01: Compared with before exercise; *

	MCV	MCH	MCHC	Ret	RDW	HDW	Fe	Fer	MCVr	CHCMr
Hb	0.091	0.184**	0.399**	0.270**	-0.083	0.143	0.131	0.269**	-0.220*	0.554**
MCV		0.920**	-0.162	0210*	-0.064	-0.558**	0.126	0.071	0.802**	0.143
MCH			0.131	-0.099	-0.030	-0.466**	0.122	0.174	0.705**	0.340**
MCHC				0.355**	-0.076	0.355**	0.073	0.335**	-0.396**	0.575**
Ret					0.212*	0.492**	-0.105	-0.107	-0.201*	0.180*
RDW						0.065	-0.116	-0.136	0.050	-0.171
HDW							-0.181*	0.120	0.479**	0.083
Fe								0.054	0.065	0.083
Fcr									-0.251**	0.491**
MCVr										-0.281**

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[1] Correspondence: Yunzhao Liu Changsha, Hunan, China. 410205. liuyunzhao8223@163.com