Degree of thoracic kyphosis and peak torque of trunk flexors and extensors among healthy women

Granito, Renata Neves; Aveiro, Mariana Chaves; Rennó, Ana Claudia Muniz; Oishi, Jorge; Driusso, Patricia

doi:10.1016/j.rboe.2014.04.002

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Original Articles • Rev. bras. ortop. 49 (03) • May-June 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rboe.2014.04.002 copy

Degree of thoracic kyphosis and peak torque of trunk flexors and extensors among healthy women^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Granito RN, Aveiro MC, Rennó ACM, Oishi J, Driusso P. Grau de cifose torácica e pico de torque de flexorese extensores de tronco entre mulheres saudáveis. Rev Bras Ortop. 2014;49:286-291. , ^☆☆ ☆☆ Work performed in the Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of aging on the degree of thoracic kyphosis and peak torque of the trunk flexor and extensor muscles among women without a densitometric diagnosis of osteoporosis.

METHODS:

Thirty women were selected to make up three groups: young women (n = 10; 24.60 ± 2.27 years of age); adults (n = 10; 43.50 ± 2.88); and elderly women (n= 10; 62.40 ± 2.67). Bone mineral density (BMD), degree of thoracic kyphosis and peak torque of the trunk flexors and extensors were evaluated. Differences between the groups were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U tests. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess correlations between the variables. The significance level was taken to be 5% (p < 0.05).

RESULTS:

The elderly group presented a greater degree of thoracic kyphosis (p = 0.009) and lower peak torque of the trunk flexors and extensors than the young group. The adult group presented lower peak torque of the trunk than the young group. A negative correlation was observed between age and peak torque of the trunk flexors and extensors (p < 0.001), and a positive correlation between age and the degree of thoracic kyphosis (r = 0.58; p < 0.001). The elderly group presented higher values for the eccentric/concentric ratio of the peak torque for flexors (p = 0.03) and extensors (p = 0.02).

CONCLUSION:

This study suggests that physiological aging may be associated with a greater degree of thoracic kyphosis and lower muscle strength of the trunk flexors and extensors. Moreover, the elderly women showed a relative capacity for preservation of eccentric strength.

Kyphosis; Muscle strength; Aging

	Group of young women	Group of adult women	Group of elderly women
Age (years)	24.60 ± 2.27	43.50 ± 2.88	62.40 ± 2.67
Body mass (kg)	56.90 ± 4.04	59.40 ± 11.37	64.69 ± 5.48
Height (m)	1.65 ± 0.04	1.61 ± 0.08	1.57 ± 0.06
BMI (kg/m²)	20.90 ± 1.45	22.79 ± 2.71	26.20 ± 2.32

	Group of young women	Group of adult women	Group of elderly women	p Value
Trunk extensors
Degree of thoracic kyphosis	29.99 ± 5.12	36.11 ± 3.71^a	37.14 ± 2.67^a	0.009
PCT 20°/s (N/m)	329.31 ± 89.97	260.05 ± 49.59	212.98 ± 52.73^a	0.007
PCT 45°/s (N/m)	326.62 ± 61.29	278.20 ± 45.06	212.70 ± 53.72^a	0.002
PET 20°/s (N/m)	326.62 ± 61.29	267.68 ± 45.89	236.11 ± 51.96^a	0.005
PET 45°/s (N/m)	393.34 ± 73.35	337.87 ± 52.46	273.93 ± 51.77^a	0.002

Trunk flexors
PCT 20°/s (N/m)	178.04 ± 32.73	112.25 ± 19.27^a	93.71 ± 23.63^a	<0.001
PCT 45°/s (N/m)	172.50 ± 30.53	131.28 ± 21.34	105.54 ± 19.85^a	<0.001
PET 20°/s (N/m)	195.61 ± 19.30	134.07 ± 19.79^a	118.12 ± 25.50^a	<0.001
PET 45°/s (N/m)	234.14 ± 22.79	181.58 ± 33.96^a	144.45 ± 28.31^a	<0.001

	Group of young women (%)	Group of adult women (%)	Group of elderly women (%)	p value
PCT (N/m) 20°/s	189	232	230	0.06
PCT (N/m) 45°/s	196	214	202	0.64
PET (N/m) 20°/s	182	201	202	0.27
PET (N/m) 45°/s	168	191	192	0.23

	Group of young women (%)	Group of adult women (%)	Group of elderly women (%)	p value
Extensors 20°/s	107	103	112^a	0.02
Extensors 45°/s	121	122	132	0.24
Flexors 20°/s	112	120	127^b	0.03
Flexors 45°/s	139	138	137	0.96

	Age (years)
	r	p
Thoracic kyphosis (degrees)	0.58	<0.001
PCT flexors 20°/s	-0.77	<0.001
PCT flexors 45°/s	-0.75	<0.001
PET flexors 20°/s	-0.81	<0.001
PET flexors 45°/s	-0.82	<0.001
PCT extensors 20°/s	-0.62	<0.001
PCT extensors 45°/s	-0.68	<0.001
PET extensors 20°/s	-0.58	<0.001
PET extensors 45°/s	-0.66	<0.001

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[1] ^*Corresponding author. E-mail: mariaveiro@yahoo.com(M.C. Aveiro).