Impulsivity influences food intake in women with generalized anxiety disorder

Fonseca, Natasha Kim de O. da; Molle, Roberta D.; Costa, Marianna de A.; Gonçalves, Francine G.; Silva, Alice C.; Rodrigues, Ylana; Price, Menna; Silveira, Patrícia P.; Manfro, Gisele G.

doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0556

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Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Braz J Psychiatry 42 (4) • Jul-Aug 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0556 copy

Impulsivity influences food intake in women with generalized anxiety disorder

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective:

Eating behavior is affected by psychological and neurocognitive factors. However, little is known about this relationship in anxious patients. Our aim was to investigate the associations between impulsivity, inhibitory control, energy-dense food consumption, and body mass index (BMI) in women with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 51 adult females with GAD answered the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and participated in a go/no-go task using food images. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated. A food frequency questionnaire and a snack test were used to study eating behavior. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were performed to analyze the variables of interest, adjusted by age.

Results:

Impulsivity predicted intake of sugar (p = 0.016, 95%CI 0.67-6.05), total fat (p = 0.007, 95%CI 0.62-3.71), and saturated fat (p = 0.004, 95%CI 0.30-1.48). The snack test showed a positive correlation between presence of impulsivity and intake of biscuits (R = 0.296; p = 0.051). Response inhibition to food images in the go/no-go task paradigm did not predict BMI or food intake.

Conclusion:

Impulsivity was predictive of higher sugar and saturated fat intake in women diagnosed with GAD. Our findings add to the literature regarding the association between neuropsychological factors and food consumption in this specific population.

Eating behavior; generalized anxiety disorder; inhibitory control; impulsivity; overeating

	Age	Energy	Sugar	Fat	Saturated fat	BMI	Fat%	BIS	No-go food
Age
Pearson correlation	1
p-value
Energy
Pearson correlation	-0.168	1
p-value	0.275
Sugar
Pearson correlation	-0.190	0.882^* † Correlation significant at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	1
p-value	0.217	0.000
Fat
Pearson correlation	-0.159	0.945^* † Correlation significant at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.758^* † Correlation significant at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	1
p-value	0.304	0.000	0.000
Saturated fat
Pearson correlation	-0.010	0.883^* † Correlation significant at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.716^* † Correlation significant at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.930^* † Correlation significant at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	1
p-value	0.946	0.000	0.000	0.000
BMI
Pearson correlation	0.360^† * Correlation significant at p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.029	0.150	-0.065	-0.054	1
p-value	0.016	0.853	0.332	0.676	0.728
Fat%
Pearson correlation	0.430^* † Correlation significant at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	-0.028	0.079	-0.120	-0.107	0.849^* † Correlation significant at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	1
p-value	0.004	0.856	0.612	0.438	0.491	0.000
BIS
Pearson correlation	-0.084	0.389^* † Correlation significant at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.399^* † Correlation significant at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.341^† * Correlation significant at p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.389^* † Correlation significant at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	0.174	0.074	1
p-value	0.586	0.009	0.007	0.023	0.009	0.258	0.633
No-go food
Pearson correlation	-0.121	0.037	0.158	-0.055	-0.001	0.287	0.204	0.442^* † Correlation significant at p < 0.05 (two-tailed).	1
p-value	0.435	0.810	0.304	0.724	0.995	0.059	0.184	0.003
Snack test
Pearson correlation	0.044	0.017	-0.102	0.106	0.221	-0.097	-0.142	0.296	0.151
p-value	0.777	0.910	0.511	0.494	0.149	0.533	0.359	0.051^† * Correlation significant at p < 0.01 (two-tailed).	0.329

	B	SE	t	p-value
Sugar (R = 0.430, adjusted R² = 0.124)				< 0.05^* * Regression model significant at p < 0.05.
Constant	-76.957	99.064	-0.777	0.442
Age	-1.173	1.051	-1.116	0.271
Impulsivity (BIS)	3.362	1.331	2.526	0.016^† † Independent variables significant at p < 0.05.
Inhibitory control (no-go food)	-1.078	4.465	-0.241	0.810
Fat (R = 0.438, adjusted R² = 0.131)				< 0.05^* * Regression model significant at p < 0.05.
Constant	-18.477	56.993	-0.324	0.747
Age	-0.647	0.604	-1.071	0.291
Impulsivity (BIS)	2.163	0.766	2.825	0.007^† † Independent variables significant at p < 0.05.
Inhibitory control (no-go food)	-4.377	2.569	-1.704	0.096
Saturated Fat (R = 0.434, adjusted R² = 0.128)				< 0.05^* * Regression model significant at p < 0.05.
Constant	-26.404	21.804	-1.211	0.233
Age	0.007	0.231	0.032	0.975
Impulsivity (BIS)	0.893	0.293	3.049	0.004^† † Independent variables significant at p < 0.05.
Inhibitory control (no-go food)	-1.321	0.983	-1.344	0.186
BMI (R = 0.495, adjusted R² = 0.188)				< 0.05^* * Regression model significant at p < 0.05.
Constant	14.234	7.556	1.884	0.067
Age	0.233	0.080	2.908	0.006^† † Independent variables significant at p < 0.05.
Impulsivity (BIS)	0.049	0.101	0.487	0.629
Inhibitory control (no-go food)	0.670	0.341	1.967	0.056

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[1] Correspondence: Natasha Kim de Oliveira da Fonseca, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. E-mail: natasha.deoliveira@hotmail.com