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Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Braz J Psychiatry 42 (3) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0535 copy

Life satisfaction mediates the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms: a study in a sample of Brazilian adolescents

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective:

To evaluate the interrelationships between childhood maltreatment, life satisfaction (LS), and depressive symptoms, and to investigate LS as a mediating factor in the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms.

Methods:

The sample consisted of 342 adolescents, aged 11 to 17 years (mean = 13.3, SD = 1.52 years), recruited from a public school in Salvador, Brazil. Participants filled out instruments for the collection of sociodemographic data and evaluation of childhood maltreatment, LS, and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the mediating effect of LS.

Results:

We detected significant negative correlations between childhood maltreatment and LS and between LS and depressive symptoms. We observed a significant positive correlation between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. LS partially mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms, mitigating the impact of maltreatment.

Conclusion:

LS played an important mediating role in the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. Longitudinal studies are recommended to fully elucidate these associations, reinforcing the need for attention and care of this vulnerable population.

Adolescence; child maltreatment; personal satisfaction; depressive symptoms

Variable
Depressive symptoms	5.94 (5.73)
Life satisfaction (global)	4.63 (0.73)
Life satisfaction	4.75 (1.15)
Friendship satisfaction	4.90 (0.84)
School satisfaction	4.52 (1.05)
Environment satisfaction	4.09 (0.97)
Self-satisfaction	5.11 (1.05)
Maltreatment (global)	44.68 (11.63)
Physical neglect	7.20 (2.73)
Emotional neglect	10.04 (4.99)
Sexual abuse	5.32 (1.36)
Physical abuse	6.15 (2.15)
Emotional abuse	8.27 (4.07)

	CTQ threshold
Maltreatment type^* * Proportion of students who are classified as having experienced none, low, moderate, or severe maltreatment based on Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) thresholds.	None	Low	Moderate	Severe
Emotional abuse	220 (64.3)	69 (20.2)	27 (7.9)	26 (7.6)
Physical abuse	291 (85.1)	27 (7.9)	15 (4.4)	9 (2.6)
Sexual abuse	306 (89.5)	17 (5.0)	17 (5.0)	2 (0.6)
Emotional neglect	189 (55.3)	87 (25.4)	33 (9.6)	33 (9.6)
Physical neglect	205 (59.9)	82 (24.0)	37 (10.8)	18 (5.3)

	Childhood maltreatment (total)	Physical abuse	Emotional abuse	Sexual abuse	Physical neglect	Emotional neglect	Depressive symptoms
Depressive symptoms
Pearson’s r	0.56^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	0.43^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	0.56^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	0.38^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	0.18^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	0.32^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	1
p-value	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
n	342	342	342	342	342	342	343
Life satisfaction (global)
Pearson’s r	-0.59^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.38^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	0.49^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.26^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.22^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.42^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.64^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).
p-value	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
n	342	342	342	342	342	342	342
Family satisfaction
Pearson’s r	-0.63^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.39^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.51^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.17^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.24^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.49^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.58^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).
p-value	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.001	0.00	0.00	0.00
n	342	342	342	342	342	342	342
Friendship satisfaction
Pearson’s r	-0.44^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.26^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.33^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.20^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.21^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.33^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.42^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).
p-value	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
n	342	342	342	342	342	342	342
School satisfaction
Pearson’s r	-0.28^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.25^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.24^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.20^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.07	-0.17^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.39^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).
p-value	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.18	0.00	0.00
n	342	342	342	342	342	342	342
Living environment satisfaction
Pearson’s r	-0.35^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.21^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.38^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.11^† † Significant correlation at the 0.05 level (two-tailed).	-0.09	-0.23^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.38^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).
p-value	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.11	0.00	0.00
n	342	342	342	342	342	342	342
Self-satisfaction
Pearson’s r	-0.43^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.27^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.25^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.25^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.24^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.34^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).	-0.54^* * Significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed).
p-value	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
n	342	342	342	342	342	342	342

		Prior standardized		Posterior standardized		Posterior standardized	Mediation type
	Correlation	beta	p-value	beta	p-value	beta – LS	Total	Partial
Maltreatment (total)	0.56	0.56	0.000	0.28	0.000	-0.48		x
Emotional abuse	0.56	0.56	0.000	0.33	0.000	-0.48		x
Physical abuse	0.43	0.43	0.000	0.22	0.000	-0.55		x
Sexual abuse	0.38	0.38	0.000	0.23	0.000	-0.58		x
Emotional neglect	0.32	0.32	0.000	0.06	0.17	-0.61	x
Physical neglect	0.18	0.18	0.001	0.04	0.34	-0.63	x

		Prior standardized		Posterior standardized		Posterior standardized	Mediation type
	Correlation	beta	p-value	beta	p-value	beta – LS	Total	Partial
Family satisfaction	-0.63	0.56	0.00	0.32	0.00	-0.37		x
Friendship satisfaction	-0.44	0.56	0.00	0.46	0.00	-0.22		x
School satisfaction	-0.28	0.56	0.00	0.48	0.00	-0.25		x
Living environment satisfaction	-0.35	0.56	0.00	0.48	0.00	-0.21		x
Self-satisfaction	-0.43	0.56	0.00	0.40	0.00	-0.36		x

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