Parasitic monogenoideans of <i>Sciades herzbergii</i> as bioindicators of environmental quality in amazonian estuarines ecosystems

Cunha, Kelle de Nazaré; Domingues, Marcus Vinicius; Cunha, Lucas Daniel da Silva; Nunes, Zélia Maria Pimentel

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612021013

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Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 30 (1) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612021013 copy

Parasitic monogenoideans of Sciades herzbergii as bioindicators of environmental quality in amazonian estuarines ecosystems

Parasitos monogenóideos de Sciades herzbergii como bioindicadores da qualidade ambiental de ecossistemas estuarinos amazônicos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study evaluated the use of gill parasitic monogenoideans from Sciades herzbergii (Siluriformes: Ariidae) as bioindicators of environmental quality in Amazonian estuarine ecosystems. Fish were caught in the tidal channels in an impacted area - IA, near the port of São Luís and a reference area - RA, in the Caeté estuary, Bragança. The influence of the capture site and seasonality on parasite abundance, environmental variables and biometric data of hosts were verified. A total of 416 S. herzbergii specimens were analyzed. The weight and total length of fish from the RA were greater than those of the IA. The relative condition factor was influenced by seasonality. A total of 4,265 monogenoidean specimens from the following species were identified: Chauhanellus boegeri, C. susamlimae, C. velum, Calceostomella herzbergii and Dactylogyridae gen. sp. The seasonal mean parasitic abundance of C. susamlimae was significantly different, with the highest values recorded during the dry season. The mean abundance of C. herzbergii was influenced by seasonality and by the capture site. During the rainy period, the parasite indices in the RA were higher than those of IA. C. herzbergii is a bioindicator sensitive to low water quality, especially in relation to water turbidity in Amazon estuaries.

Keywords:
Amazon; marine catfish; seasonality; ectoparasites; biomonitoring

Sample (month year^-1)	Seasonal period	Ecosystems
Sample (month year^-1)	Seasonal period	Reference area	Impacted area
November/2013	Dry	11	11
March/2014	Rainy	15	20
May/2014	Rainy	32	16
October/2014	Dry	28	26
November/2014	Dry	33	11
December/2014	Dry	26	28
January/2015	Dry	10
March/2015	Rainy	20	22
April/2015	Rainy	17	23
May/2015	Rainy	25	25
July/2015	Dry		17
Total		217	199

VARIABLE	REFERENCE AREA		IMPACTED AREA
VARIABLE	DRY	RAINY	DRY	RAINY
Temperature (°C)	29.04 ±1.03^a	28.82±0.82^a	28.42±0.41^a	29.00±0.56^a
Salinity	35.67±2.88^a	20.31±5.98^b	31.12±3.71^c	28.66±4.21^c
pH	7.92±0.30^a	7.84±0.68^a	8.21±0.44^a	8.06±0.85^a
Turbidity (NTU)	43.53±18.93^a	30.24±12.78^a	244.73±183.19^b	133.84±130.16^a
Dissolved oxygen (mg L^-1)	5.57±1.25^a	6.83±0.96^a	6.37±0.96^a	7.10±1.25^a
Ammonia (µM)	7.92±5.46^a	11.83±15.20^a	6.06±4.57^a	8.32±3.44^a
Phosphate (µM)	1.14±0.58^a	1.02±0.43^a	1.75±1.80^a	1.40±1.03^a
Nitrite (µM)	0.06±0.04^a	0.09±0.08^a	0.06±0.05^a	0.22±0.20^b
Chlorophyll-a (µg L^-1)	10.19±5.13^a	6.15±1.71^c	5.52±2.38^b	2.72±1.21^b
Rainfall (mm)	3.05±4.23^a	343.42±101.23^b	24.58±28.50^a	428.52±225.08^b
Wind (m.s^-1)	0.98±0.02^a	0.49±0.09^b	2.77±0.21^c	1.53±0.21^d

Body parameters	REFERENCE AREA (n=217)
Body parameters	General	Dry	Rainy	General	Dry	Rainy
W_T (g)	208.35±147.78^a	251.87±155.26^c	169.03±129.23^d	114.04±89.34^b	124.48±75.22e	106.73±97.67^e
L_T (cm)	28.28±6.28^a	30.20±5.21^c	26.55±6.67^d	23.93±4.86^b	24.89±4.69e	23.25±4.89^e
kn	1.020±0.133	1.053±0.135^a	0.991±0.126^b	1.017±0.149	1.024±0.144	1.012±0.153

SPECIES PARASITES	RA			IA
SPECIES PARASITES	P (%)	MI	MA	P (%)	MI	MA
Chauhanellus boegeri	70.97	6.61	6.61	75.38	7.11	5.36
Chauhanellus susamlimae	54.84	7.10	3.89	65.33	5.95	3.89
Calceostomella herzbergii	19.35	1.93	0.37	13.07	1.18	0.13
Chauhanellus velum	3.69	1.38	0.05	3.52	1.75	0.04
Dactylogyridae gen. sp.	0.00	0.00	0.00	10.05	6.67	0.10

DEPENDENT VARIABLE	FACTORS	F	p	GEI
Prevalence (%)	Area	0.03	> 0.05	IA ≥ RA
Prevalence (%)	Species	79.0	< 0.01	CB>CS>CH>CV≥DA
Mean intensity	Area	0.34	> 0.05	IA > RA
Mean intensity	Species	2.88	> 0.05	CB>CS>DA>CV=CH
Mean abundance	Area	0.02	> 0.05	RA ≥ IA
Mean abundance	Species	91.5	< 0.01	CB>CS>CH≥CV=DA

BIOLOGICAL VARIABLE	n	FACTORS	F	P	GEI
Chauhanellus boegeri	2.501	Season	2.626	0.106
		Area	0.447	0.504
		Season*Area	10.318	0.002	RAD>RAR
Chauhanellus susamlimae	1.619	Season	44.183	0.000	Dry>Rainy
		Area	1.648	0.200
		Season*Area	11.833	0.001	IAR>RAR
Chauhanellus velum	18	Season	0.300	0.584
		Area	0.796	0.373
		Season*Area	0.334	0.564
Calceostomella herzbergii	107	Season	10.055	0.002	Rainy>Dry
		Area	10.123	0.002	RA>IA
		Season*Area	0.517	0.473
Dactylogiridae gen. sp.	20	Season	0.040	0.841
		Area	3.100	0.079
		Season*Area	0.040	0.841
kn	416	Season	6.177	0.013	Dry>Rainy
		Area	0.013	0.909
		Season*Area	2.470	0.117

VARIABLES	RDA 1	RDA 2
Salinity	-0.642	-0.295
Turbdity	-0.105	-0.167
Chlorophyll-a	-0.338	-0.343
Rainfall	0.732	0.079
Wind	-0.440	-0.479
pH	0.447	-0.304
Dissolved Oxygen	0.493	-0.144
Nitrite	0.427	-0.571
Chauhanellus susamlimae	-0.447	-0.214
Chauhanellus boegeri	-0.083	0.265
Chauhanellus velum	0.336	-0.120
Calceostomella herzbergii	0.466	-0.073
Dactylogiridae gen. sp.	-0.003	-0.016
Eigenvalue	0.007	0.002
Proportion Explained	0.784	0.198
Cumulative Proportion	0.784	0.982
p	0.001

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: Kelle de Nazaré Cunha. E-mail: kellecunha@yahoo.com.br, kelledenazarecunha1980@gmail.com