Streblidae (diptera) on Bats (chiroptera) in an Area of Atlantic Forest, State of Rio De Janeiro

Streblidae (Diptera) em morcegos (Chiroptera) numa área de Floresta Atlântica, Estado do Rio de Janeiro Abstract Because of the few records of Streblidae on bats, despite extensive study on these mammals in the state of Rio de Janeiro, a survey was carried out in an area of Atlantic Forest, in the municipality of Nova Iguaçu, known as the Tinguá region. Thirteen species were added to the list of Streblidae in the state of Rio de Janeiro, of which two were new records for Brazil. Thirty-one species have now been reported this state. Resumo Devido aos poucos registros de Streblidae em morcegos, apesar do amplo estudo com esses mamíferos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foi realizado um levantamento numa área de Floresta Atlântica, no Município de Nova Iguaçu, conhecida como região do Tinguá. Foram adicionadas 13 espécies na lista de Streblidae do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sendo dois novos registros para o Brasil, totalizando 31 espécies relatadas para o estado.

One of the main remaining areas of Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro is the Tinguá Biological Reserve.Although this reserve harbors several species of bats (DIAS; PERACCHI, 2008), there is no information about bat flies.This paper provides an update on the number of Streblidae in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with reports on bat flies in the Tinguá region.

Methodology
One area in the Tinguá Biological Reserve (22° 34' 57.4" S; 043° 26' 15.9" W) and two areas surrounding it (22° 35' 16.53" S; 043° 24' 13.86" W and 22° 36' 50.69" S; 043° 24' 47.17" W) were sampled for bats.All of these areas are located in the far northeast of the municipality of Nova Iguaçu, state of Rio de Janeiro.The bats were captured using mist nets (12 × 3 m and mesh of 20 mm) between May 2011 and April 2012, over a total of 36 sampling nights.Flies on the bats were removed with the aid of forceps and were stored in microtubes containing 70% ethanol.The samples were collected under license from SISBIO/ ICMBio, under number 28064-2.The bats were identified based on Gardner (2007) and Dias and Peracchi (2008).The bat flies were identified with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope, using dichotomous keys and descriptions (WENZEL et al., 1966;WENZEL, 1976;GUERRERO, 1994GUERRERO, , 1995GUERRERO, , 1996GUERRERO, , 1998;;GRACIOLLI;CARVALHO, 2001;MILLER;TSCHAPKA, 2001).The nomenclature followed Dick and Graciolli (2006) for Streblidae and Gardner (2007) for bats, except for Dermanura which has been elevated to generic status (REDONDO et al., 2008;SOLARI et al., 2009).The vouchers were confirmed by Dr. Gustavo Graciolli and were deposited in the zoological reference collection of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul in the city of Campo Grande, Brazil.Parasite prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance were determined in accordance with Bush et al. (1997).
The most parasitized host was Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758), with seven species of bat flies, and the bat flies found in the greatest numbers of hosts were Aspidoptera phyllostomatis (Perty, 1833) and Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1907), in five hosts each.The most abundant species was Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, 1966 (n = 241), which was found to mainly parasitize its primary host, C. perspicillata (97.1%), which was also one of the most commonly caught species (n = 187), thus showing that this fly had high prevalence (51.87%).Thirteen new species were added to the records for the state of Rio de Janeiro, and two of them were new records for Brazil (Table 2).There was also one new species of Strebla (determined by Dr. Graciolli), which was Comments: Anoura caudifer is its primary host (WENZEL, 1976), although Bertola et al. (2005) have found it in other hosts.Its occurrences in Brazil were previously restricted to the South (KESSEL, 1925;GRACIOLLI;CARVALHO, 2001;GRACIOLLI;RUI, 2001;RUI;GRACIOLLI, 2005) and, in the Southeast, only the states of São Paulo (BERTOLA et al., 2005) and Minas Gerais (MORAS et al., 2013).
Comments: In Brazil, it seems to be more associated with A. fimbriatus (GRACIOLLI; CARVALHO, 2001;BERTOLA et al., 2005;ANDERSON;ORTÊNCIO FILHO, 2006), like in the present study, although one individual was found on A. lituratus.This relationship was previously reported in Santa Catarina by Wenzel et al. (1966).
Comments: In Brazil, this was only previously recorded in the Atlantic Forest of the states of Paraná (GRACIOLLI; CARVALHO, 2001) and São Paulo (BERTOLA et al., 2005), on its primary host.
Comments: In Brazil, there were two previous recorded of this species: one to the North (WENZEL, 1976) and another to the South (PREVEDELLO et al., 2005).Wenzel et al. (1966) described this species in Guatemala, having also recorded its occurrence in Mexico.Recently, it was reported in Honduras (DICK, 2013).
Comments: This bat fly presents widespread distribution including almost all Brazilian biomes (GRACIOLLI; LINARDI, 2002;DIAS et al., 2009;ERIKSSON et al., 2011).Despite being a common species on the lists of bat flies in the Atlantic Forest (AZEVEDO; LINARDI, 2002;BERTOLA et al., 2005;SOARES et al., 2013), it was not previously reported in the study by Almeida et al. (2011) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, mainly due to not catching S. lilium, which is its primary host (WENZEL, 1976).
Comments: Its occurrence in the state of Rio de Janeiro has increased its distribution in the Neotropics, given that previously, it had only been reported in Venezuela (GUERRERO, 1998).While it is very common for its host to be caught (LOURENÇO; ESBÉRARD, 2011), no records had been reported in addition to its description.In the Tinguá region, T. anducei showed high prevalence (16%) and abundance (n = 49), and was the third most abundant bat fly on C. perspicillata.
Comments: This is the first record in Brazil.Previously, occurrences in Guatemala, Mexico, Venezuela and Peru on the same host have been reported (WENZEL et al., 1966;WENZEL, 1970;GUERRERO, 1995).
Some streblids, such as Megistopoda Macquart, 1852, and Aspidoptera Coquillett, 1899, were expected to occur in the state of Rio de Janeiro because of their association with hosts already listed for this state and for the Atlantic Forest, such as Artibeus and Sturnira Gray, 1842 (KOMENO;LINHARES, 1999;AZEVEDO;LINARDI, 2002;BERTOLA et al., 2005;GRACIOLLI et al., 2006).Other species cited here have seldom been reported in Brazil, probably due to the low numbers of their hosts that have been caught, such as the bat flies found on M. minuta, L. peracchii, V. pusilla and D. ecaudata.In contrast, the presence of T. anducei on C. perspicillata, which is a new report for Brazil, shows that little is known about the relationships of these bat flies with bats.It is noteworthy that C. perspicillata is one of the most commonly caught bats and also one of the most parasitized (LOURENÇO; ESBÉRARD, 2011).Through this study it was possible expand the geographical distribution of Streblidae, thereby contributing to the state list, which now contains 31 species.

Table 1 .
Species of Streblidae on bats captured in the Atlantic Forest, Tinguá region, municipality of Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, between May 2011 and April 2012.NF: number of bat flies; IH: number of infested host individuals; P: prevalence (%); MI: mean intensity of infestation; MA: mean abundance.
1 Damaged material that did not allow identification of the lowest taxonomic level.1903, in Brazil, though it has been registered on Lonchophylla robusta