Antibodies to <i>Neospora caninum</i> in sheep from slaughterhouses in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Paiz, Laís Moraes; Silva, Rodrigo Costa da; Menozzi, Benedito Donizete; Langoni, Helio

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612015009

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Research Note • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 24 (1) • Jan-Mar 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612015009 copy

Antibodies to Neospora caninum in sheep from slaughterhouses in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Anticorpos para Neospora caninum em ovinos de abatedouros do estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Neosporosis is an emergent disease responsible for considerable economic impact due to reproductive losses. Its zoonotic potential remains unknown. This study involved a survey of antibodies to Neospora caninum in slaughtered sheep and their association with epidemiological variables. Serum samples from 596 sheep from the states of São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were collected in two slaughterhouses located in São Paulo and evaluated by indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT), using cut-off titers of 25. Among these samples, 353/596 (59.23%; 95%CI 55.23-63.10) were positive and 263/353 (74.50%; 95%CI 69.71-78.77%) were from Rio Grande do Sul. Statistical associations were determined in the univariate analysis between the serological results and sex, breed and municipality of origin. Sheep that came from extensive breeding system showed higher chance (OR=2.09) of presenting antibodies to N. caninum in relation to those from semi-intensive system. Higher chance was also observed for the different studied breeds, except Bergamácia, in relation to Hampshire Down. The results revealed the presence of infection by N. caninum in sheep from slaughterhouses.

Neospora caninum; serology; sheep; slaughterhouses

IFAT (Titers)	Frequency	Percentage (%)	95%Confidence Interval
25	129	36.54	31.69 - 41.69
50	131	37.11	32.24 - 42.27
100	65	18.41	14.72 - 22.79
200	20	5.67	3.71 - 8.59
400	8	2.27	1.17 - 4.40
TOTAL	353	59.23	55.23 - 63.10

Variables		N¹ 1 N: number of sampled animals;	IFAT² 2 Number of positive animals for antibodies to Neospora caninum by IFAT when titers were ≥ 25;	Variable(%)^* * Different superscript letters in the same column: P<0.05 in the analyzes of variables 2 by 2. ; 95CI%³ 3 Frequency of reactive sheep based on the variable studied, at a 95% level of confidence;	P ⁴ 4 P value for α = 5%;	OR (95CI%)⁵ 5 OR: Odds ratio;
State	Rio Grande do Sul	426	263	61.88^a; 57.17–66.37	0.05⁶ 6 Fisher's exact test;	1.43 (0.98- 2.08)
	São Paulo	170	90	52.63^a; 45.16–59.98		1.43 (0.98- 2.08)
Municipality	Holambra (SP)	1	0	0.00^d; 0.00-0.00	0.00⁷ 7 Chi-square test (χ2);	-
	Avaré (SP)	17	4	23.53^d; 9.70–47.64
	Manduri (SP)	27	8	29.63^d; 15.88–48.67
	Duartina (SP)	25	8	32.00^d; 17.21–51.79
	Itapira (SP)	3	1	33.33^bcd; 6.76–80.59
	Ourinhos (SP)	15	6	40.00^cd; 19.75–64.57
	São Manuel (SP)	53	38	71.70^ab; 58.36-82.02
	Pirajuí (SP)	30	25	83.30^a; 66.27-92.55
	Bagé/Uruguaiana (RS)	75	40	53.33^c; 42.13-64.21
	Sant'Ana do Livramento (RS)	350	223	63.71^b; 58.5-68.58
Sex	Female	349	220	63.04^a; 57.85–67.93	0.03⁶ 6 Fisher's exact test;	1.46 (1.05–2.04)
	Male	247	133	53.84^b; 47.61–59.96		1.46 (1.05–2.04)
Age	Up to 1 year old	407	243	59.71^a; 54.87–64.36	0.17⁷ 7 Chi-square test (χ2);	-
	1 < n ≤ 2 years old	74	48	64.87^a; 53.46–74.78
	2 < n ≤ 3 years old	3	3	100.0^a; -
	No information	112	59	52.68^a; 43.48–61.70
Breed	Hampshire Down	17	4	23.53^b; 9.70–47.64	0.02⁷ 7 Chi-square test (χ2);	-
	Bergamácia	3	1	33.33^ab; 6.76–80.59
	Corriedale	104	56	53.85^a; 44.28-63.13
	Ille de France	104	57	54.81^a; 45.22–64.05
	Ideal	175	111	63.43^a; 56.06–70.21
	Crossbreed	156	99	63.46^a; 55.65-70.61
	Santa Inês	37	25	67.57^a; 51.35–80.37
Breeding system	Semi-intensive	60	27	45.00^b; 33.06–57.55	0.06⁷ 7 Chi-square test (χ2);
	Intensive	45	27	60.00^ab; 45.66–73.27		-
	Extensive	491	299	60.90^a; 56.51–65.11

Variable		OR (95%CI)¹ 1 Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval);	P ² 2 P value for α = 5%;
Sex	Male	1.00; -	-
	Female	1.23 (0.84-1.81)	0.28
Age	Up to 1 year old	1.00; -	-
	1 < n ≤ 3 years old^* * Due to the small number of sheep between 2 < n ≤ 3 years old (N = 3), this age group was included in a single group with sheep between 1 < n ≤ 2 years old;	1.11 (0.65 – 1.89)	0.69
	No information	0.88 (0.55-1.42)	0.61
Breed	Hampshire Down	1.00; -	-
	Bergamácia	3.57 (0.23-54.49)	0.36
	Corriedale	3.81 (1.13-12.86)	0.03^ Statistically significant difference (P<0.05).
	Ille de France	4.71 (1.41-15.69)	0.01^ Statistically significant difference (P<0.05).
	Ideal	4.99 (1.52-16.41)	0.01^ Statistically significant difference (P<0.05).
	Crossbreed	6.01 (1.83-19.72)	0.00^ Statistically significant difference (P<0.05).
	Santa Inês	8.91 (2.25-35.24)	0.00^ Statistically significant difference (P<0.05).
Breeding System	Semi-Intensive	1.00; -	-
	Intensive	1.66 (0.69-3.95)	0.25
	Extensive	2.09 (1.11-3.93)	0.02^ Statistically significant difference (P<0.05).

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: Helio Langoni, Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Distrito Rubião Junior, s/n, CEP 18618-970, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. Phone number: +55 14 3880-2094, FAX +55 14 3880-2042. E-mail address: hlangoni@fmvz.unesp.br