Seroprevalence and coprological prevalence of liver fluke <i>Fasciola hepatica</i> in cattle and sheep from Santander department, Colombia

Delgado, Nelson Uribe; Pereira, Andrés Esteban; Martínez, Ruth Aralí; Muñoz, Angel Alberto Florez; Pinilla, Juan Carlos

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612023071

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 32 (4) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612023071 copy

Seroprevalence and coprological prevalence of liver fluke Fasciola hepatica in cattle and sheep from Santander department, Colombia

Soroprevalência e prevalência coprológica da Fasciola hepatica em bovinos e ovinos do departamento de Santander, Colômbia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Fasciola hepatica is a parasite with a worldwide distribution that affects several mammals, including humans, and is considered a public health problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in humans, cattle and sheep, as well as to evaluate factors associated with the prevalence. A total of 185 serum samples from sheep, 290 from cattle, and 114 from humans were collected and processed using an in-house developed ELISA to detect IgG antibodies against F. hepatica. Additionally, 185 stool samples from sheep and 290 from cattle were examined using a Dennis sedimentation technique. Risk factors were analyzed using epidemiological surveys. The overall seroprevalence was 46.5% (86/185) in sheep, 32.5% (94/289) in cattle, and no humans tested positive for the infection. The coprological prevalence was 47.7% (86/180) in sheep and 33.7% (98/290) in cattle. Female gender and cattle living with alternate grazing management showed 2.5 and 6.5 times higher probability of infection, respectively. Bovines coexisting with sheep exhibited a higher risk of infection (odds ratio [OR]=4.3) compared to those without sheep. We concluded that F. hepatica in cattle and sheep has an endemic behavior, and therefore represents a problem of public health for rural communities.

Keywords:
Cattle; Colombia; fasciolosis; livestock; sheep

Factor	Categories	N°	Positives	SP (%)	X²	*P-value*
Cattle
Garcia Rovira region	Concepcion	41	21	51.2
	San Andres	96	6	6.3
	Cerrito	52	24	46.2
Onzaga municipality	Onzaga	100	43	43	46.1	0.000
Age	<12	36	16	44.4
	12-24	18	5	27.8
	>24	235	73	31.1	2.7	0.25
Sex	Male	44	8	18.2
	Female	246	86	34.9	4.86	0.027
Pasture management	Alternated	146	48	32.9
	Rotative	43	3	7	11.3	0.001
Water source/animal consumption	River	136	56	41.2
	Spring water	102	22	21.6
	Aqueduct	51	16	31.4	10.2	0.006
Feces management	No	231	72	31.2
	Yes	58	22	37.9	0.96	0.32
Animal mixture	No	259	75	29
	Yes	30	19	63.3	14.5	0.000
Overall		289	94	32.5
Sheep
Garcia Rovira region	Concepcion	70	20	28.6
	San Andres	21	0	0
	Cerrito	94	66	70.2	48.5	0.000
Onzaga municipality	Onzaga	-	-	-		-
Age	<12	25	10	40
	12-24	48	16	33.3
	>24	112	60	53.6	6.02	0.049
Sex	Male	42	11	26.2
	Female	143	7	52.4	8.99	0.003
Pasture management	Alternated	157	78	49.7
	Rotative	28	8	28.6	4.25	0.039
Water source/animal consumption	River	37	12	32.4
	Spring water	131	69	52.7
	Aqueduct	17	5	29.4	6.93	0.031
Feces management	No	119	54	45.4
	Yes	66	32	48.5	0.16	0.68
Animal mixture	No	118	48	40.7
	Yes	67	38	56.7	4.42	0.036
Overall		185	86	46.5

Factor	Categories	B	E.T	P-value	Exp (β)	CI (95%)
Onzaga municipality	Onzaga	-	-	-	1	-
Garcia Rovira region	Concepcion	0.33	0.37	0.03^* * Risk factor.	1.4	0.6-2.9
	San Andres	-2.4	0.47	0.3	0.08	0.03-0.2
	Cerrito	0.1	0.34	0.7	1.1	0.6-2.3
Sex	Male	-	-	-	1	-
	Female	0.89	0.41	0.03*	2.5	1.08-5.4
Pasture management	Rotative	-	-	-	1	-
	Alternated	1.87	0.62	0.003*	6.5	1.9-22.1
Watersource/animal consumption	Aqueduct	-	-	-	1	-
	River	0.42	0.34	0.22	1.5	0.7-3.03
	Spring water	-0.5	0.38	0.18	0.6	0.3-1.28
Animal mixture	No	-	-	-	1	-
	Yes	1.44	0.4	0.000*	4.3	1.9-9.3

Risk factor	Categories	B	E.T	P-value	Exp (β)	CI (95%)
Garcia Rovira region	Concepcion	-	-	-	1	-
	San Andres	-20.4	8610	0.99	0	0
	Cerrito	2.3	0.5	0.000^* * Risk factor.	10.5	3.9-28.1
Age	<12	-	-	-	1	-
	12-24	-1.02	0.64	0.11	0.36	0.1-1.3
	>24	-0.07	0.56	0.9	0.9	0.3-2.8
Sex	Male	-	-	-	1	-
	Female	0.87	0.45	0.049*	2.3	0.9-5.8
Pasture management	Rotative	-	-	-	1	-
	Alternated	0.82	0.22	0.18	2.2	0.6-7.7
Watersource/animal consumption	Aqueduct	-	-	-	1
	River	-0.18	0.72	0.8	0.8	0.2-3.4
	Spring water	-1.3	0.96	0.17	0.27	0.04-1.8
Animal mixture	No	-	-	-	1	-
	Yes	-0.76	0.47	0.1	0.46	0.18-1.1

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: Juan Carlos Pinilla. E-mail: J.PINILLA@mail.udes.edu.co