Nematodes of <i>Astyanax fasciatus</i> (Actinopterygii: Characidae) and their parasitic indices in the São Francisco river, Brazil

Vieira-Menezes, Flavia Guerra; Costa, Danielle Priscilla Correia; Brasil-Sato, Marilia Carvalho

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612016074

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Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 26 (01) • Jan-Mar 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612016074 copy

Nematodes of Astyanax fasciatus (Actinopterygii: Characidae) and their parasitic indices in the São Francisco river, Brazil

Nematoides de Astyanax fasciatus (Actinopterygii: Characidae) e seus índices parasitários do rio São Francisco, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The endoparasite fauna of Astyanax fasciatus from the upper São Francisco river was investigated and ecological parameters and morphological and morphometric data on the parasites are presented. A total of 74 specimens of banded astyanax were collected downstream from the Três Marias dam, municipality of Três Marias, Minas Gerais (18°12’32”S, 45°15’41”W) in January 2011 and January 2012. Eleven taxa of Nematoda were found: Contracaecum sp.; Hysterothylacium sp.; Goezia sp.; Brevimulticaecum sp.; Procamallanus sp.; Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) saofranciscencis; Cystidicoloides sp.; Spinitectus rodolphiheringi; Rhabdochona sp.; Spiroxys sp.; and Eustrongylides sp.. The fauna of A. fasciatus consisted of by larval specimens of Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Cystidicoloides sp., and Spiroxys sp., and by adult specimens of P. saofranciscencis, whose prevalence was greater than 10%. Thus, this fish acts as an intermediate host of some species of larval nematodes especially, Anisakidae and Acanthocheilidae (Brevimulticaecum sp., new host record and new locality). It participates in transmitting species such Rhabdochona sp. to carnivorous fish and also acts as a definitive host for P. saofranciscencis and S. rodolphiheringi in the upper São Francisco river.

Keywords:
Anisakidae; Brevimulticaecum sp.; endoparasites; nematodes

Nematode species	P(%)	MI ± SD	MA ± SD	A	IV	Site
Larval specimens
Anisakidae
Contracaecum sp. CHIOC n. 37853	58.11	5.70 ± 10.17	3.31 ± 8.22	1-57	Se	AC, E, F, AI, PI
Goezia sp.	1.35	1.00	0.01 ± 0.12	1	Sa	E
Rhaphydascaridae
Hysterothylacium sp. CHIOC n. 37854	59.46	4.16 ± 3.89	2.47 ± 3.62	1-19	Se	AC, E, F, IC, AI, PI
Acanthocheilidae
Brevimulticaecum sp. CHIOC n. 37851	10.81	1.88 ± 2.10	0.20 ± 0.88	1-7	Sa	AC, IC
Camallanidae
Procamallanus sp.	1.35	3.00	0.04 ± 0.35	3	Sa	AC
Cystidicolidae
Cystidicoloides sp. CHIOC n. 37852	12.16	1.22 ± 0.44	0.15 ± 0.43	1-2	Sa	AC, AI
Spinitectus rodolphiheringi*	1.35	1.00	0.01 ± 0.12	1	Sa	E
Rhabdochonidae
Rhabdochona sp.**	5.41	8.75 ± 11.03	0.47 ± 2.99	1-25	Sa	AC, IC, AI
Gnathostomatidae
Spiroxys sp. CHIOC n. 37860	22.97	3.59 ± 7.62	0.82 ± 3.88	1-33	Sa	AC, E, F, IC
Dioctophymatidae
Eustrongylides sp.	1.35	1.00	0.01 ± 0.12	1	Sa	AC
Adult specimens
Procamallanus saofranciscencis CHIOC n. 37857 (male) CHIOC n. 37858 (female)	21.62	1.06 ± 0.25	0.23 ± 0.45	1-2	Sa	IC, AI
Spinitectus rodolphiheringi	2.70	1.00	0.03 ± 0.16	1	Sa	E

Character of nematodes	Contracaecum sp. Larval specimens (n=10)					Hysterothylacium sp. Larval specimens (n=10)						Brevimulticaecum sp. Larval specimens (n=10)
Character of nematodes	X ± SD		Min.	Max.		X ± SD	Min.		Max.			X ± SD	Min.				Max.
Body^L Body^W		3.520 ± 0.833	2.750		4.550	1.695 ± 0.114		1.568			1.833	3.563 ± 0.722			2.155	4.616
Body^L Body^W		0.140 ± 0.038	0.093		0.197	0.062 ± 0.022		0.012			0.078	0.091 ± 0.019			0.050	0.118
Esophagus^L Esophagus^W		0.259 ± 0.041	0.201		0.309	0.167 ± 0.016		0.143			0.183	0.442 ± 0.088			0.303	0.550
Esophagus^L Esophagus^W		0.027 ± 0.013	0.015		0.042	*		*			*	0.018 ± 0.002			0.015	0.020
Ventriculus^L Ventriculus^W		0.055 ± 0.018	0.041		0.083	0.026 ± 0.021		0.015			0.064	0.046 ± 0.007			0.035	0.053
Ventriculus^L Ventriculus^W		0.023 ± 0.011	0.011		0.032	0.024 ± 0.003		0.020			0.028	0.036 ± 0.005			0.025	0.043
Ventricular appendix^L Ventricular appendix^W		0.559 ± 0.120	0.367		0.682	0.821 ± 0.074		0.713			0.880	-			-	-
Ventricular appendix^L Ventricular appendix^W		*	*		*	*		*			*	-			-	-
Nerve ring		0.182 ± 0.030	0.144		0.220	0.115 ± 0.010		0.105		0.125		0.124 ± 0.027		0.090			0.153
Excretory		*	*		*	0.111 ± 0.009		0.100		0.125		0.166 ± 0.014		0.143			0.185
Intestinal caecum^L Intestinal caecum^W		0.314 ± 0.101	0.227		0.482	0.027 ± 0.001		0.025		0.028		0.215 ± 0.064		0.113			0.370
Intestinal caecum^L Intestinal caecum^W		*	*		*	*		*		*		0.029 ± 0.006		0.018			0.038
Tail		0.102 ± 0.022	0.074		0.130	0.052 ± 0.003		0.048		0.055		0.089 ± 0.014		0.075			0.113
Tooth		*	*		*	*		*		*		0.004 ± 0.001		0.003			0.004

Character of nematodes	Procamallanus saofranciscencis Male specimens (n=10)			Procamallanus saofranciscencis Female specimens (n=7)			Procamallanus sp. Larval specimens (n=3)
Character of nematodes	X ± SD	Mín.	Máx.	X ± SD	Mín.	Máx.	sp. 1	sp. 2	sp. 3
Body^L Body^W	4.410 ± 0.454	3.725	4.998	8.954 ± 3.132	6.250	14.975	1.653	1.260	1.490
Body^L Body^W	0.221 ± 0.033	0.175	0.300	0.321 ± 0.057	0.250	0.425	0.049	0.033	0.045
Buccal Capsule^L Buccal Capsule^W	0.074 ± 0.008	0.063	0.090	0.085 ± 0.026	0.035	0.108	0.048	0.040	0.040
Buccal Capsule^L Buccal Capsule^W	0.074 ± 0.011	0.063	0.084	0.123 ± 0.020	0.103	0.155	0.033	0.150	0.015
Basal ring^L Basal ring^W	0.055 ± 0.008	0.045	0.070	0.078 ± 0.007	0.070	0.090	0.025	0.010	0.010
Basal ring^L Basal ring^W	0.008 ± 0.001	0.008	0.010	0.015 ± 0.001	0.013	0.015	0.008	*	0.013
Spiral number	13.8 ± 1.414	12	16	16 ± 1.155	14	18	*	-	-
Muscular esophagus^L	0.324 ± 0.020	0.285	0.350	0.396 ± 0.046	0.350	0.468
Muscular esophagus^W	0.112 ± 0.013	0.098	0.140	0.139 ± 0.007	0.133	0.150	0.200^★	0.138^★	0.125^★
Glandular esophagus^L Glandular esophagus^W	0.502 ± 0.038	0.452	0.570	0.569 ± 0.045	0.530	0.638
Glandular esophagus^L Glandular esophagus^W	0.138 ± 0.020	0.098	0.173	0.166 ± 0.013	0.148	0.183
Nerve ring^A	0.191 ± 0.011	0.173	0.208	0.217 ± 0.028	0.178	0.248	*	*	*
Excretory pore^A	0.258 ± 0.026	0.228	0.310	0.313 ± 0.050	0.243	0.390	*	*	*
Spicules^La	0.103 ± 0.015	0.080	0.113	-	-	-	*	*	*
Spicules^S	0.084 ± 0.017	0.063	0.671	-	-	-	*	*	*
Vulva^B	-	-	-	3.748 ± 1.564	2.400	6.76	*	*	*
Tail	0.185 ± 0.018	0.155	0.215	0.177 ± 0.024	0.140	0.213	*	*	*

Character of nematodes	Cystidicoloides sp. Larval specimens (n=10)			Rhabdochona sp. Larval specimens (n=10)				Spiroxys sp. Larval specimens (n=11)
Character of nematodes	X ± SD	Mín.	Máx.	X ± SD		Mín.	Máx.	X ± SD	Mín.	Máx.
Body^L	4.615 ± 0.579	3.785	5.704	3.409 ± 1.601		1.646	7.164	2.145 ± 0.402	1.725	2.871
Body^W	0.104 ± 0.027	0.056	0.127	0.078 ± 0.027		0.044	0.127	0.056 ± 0.008	0.043	0.069
Vestibule^L	0.097 ± 0.015	0.075	0.125	★		★	★	-	-	-
Vestibule^W	0.004 ± 0.001	0.004	0.005	★		★	★	-	-	-
Prostom	-	-	-	0.022 ± 0.005		0.015	0.030	-	-	-
Vestibule Including prostom	-	-	-	0.087 ± 0.012		0.065	0.103	-	-	-
Pseudolabia	0.008 ± 0.002	0.005	0.010	-		-	-	0.019 ± 0.001	0.018	0.021
Deirids	-	-	-	0.039 ± 0.006		0.034	0.045	0.325 ± 0.030	0.288	0.365
Muscular esophagus^L	0.214 ± 0.092	0.148	0.380	0.218 ± 0.066		0.138	0.323	0.115 ± 0.026	0.080	0.150
Muscular esophagus^W	0.223 ± 0.006	0.015	0.038	*		*	*	0.021 ± 0.004	0.015	0.025
Glandular esophagus^L	1.601 ± 0.417	1.003	2.208	1.212 ± 0.451		0.480	2.080	0.599 ± 0.168	0.212	0.818
Glandular esophagus^W	0.055 ± 0.020	0.023	0.083	*		*	*	0.046 ± 0.007	0.037	0.058
Nerve ring^A	0.158 ± 0.010	0.144	0.168	0.132 ± 0.013		0.110	0.150	0.175*
Excretory pore^A	0.229 ± 0.054	0.162	0.285	1.157 ± 0.040		0.095	0.200	0.200 ± 0.016	0.175	0.228
Vulva^B	-	-	-	3.100¹_n				-	-	-
Tail	0.096 ± 0.014	0.075	0.115	1.139 ± 0.035	0.093		0.185	0.084 ± 0.014	0.063	0.118

Character of nematodes	Spinitectus rodolphiheringi male (n=1)	Spinitectus rodolphiheringi female (n=1)	Spinitectus rodolphiheringi female juvenile (n=1)
Body^L	2.450	4.400	1.940
Body^W	0.069	0.235	0.137
Spine of anterior region	0.008	0.008	0.008
Spine of posterior region	0.004	0.004	0.004
First ring of spines	0.043	0.081	0.053
Vestibule	0.034	0.040	0.035
Muscular esophagus^L	0.150	0.235	0.110
Muscular esophagus^W	*	*	*
Glandular esophagus^L	0.688	1.043	0.680
Glandular esophagus^W	*	*	*
Nerve ring^A	0.158	*	*
Excretory pore^A	*	0.188	0.120
Spicules^La	0.093	-	-
Spicules^S	0.060	-	-
Vulva^B	-	0.740	0.295
Eggs oval^L	-	0.037	-
Eggs oval^W	-	0.023	-
Tail	0.075	*	0.060

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[1] *Corresponding author: Marilia Carvalho Brasil-Sato. Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – UFRRJ, Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, CP 74539, CEP 23851-970, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil. e-mail: mcbsato@ufrrj.br