Chemical constituents of <i>Calotropis procera</i> latex and ultrastructural effects on <i>Haemonchus contortus</i>

Cavalcante, Géssica Soares; Morais, Selene Maia de; André, Weibson Paz Pinheiro; Araújo-Filho, José Vilemar de; Muniz, Celli Rodrigues; Rocha, Letícia Oliveira da; Ribeiro, Wesley Lyeverton Correia; Rodrigues, Ana Livya Moreira; Oliveira, Lorena Mayana Beserra de; Bevilaqua, Claudia Maria Leal; Ramos, Márcio Viana

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612020045

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 29 (2) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612020045 copy

Chemical constituents of Calotropis procera latex and ultrastructural effects on Haemonchus contortus

Constituintes químicos do látex de Calotropis procera e efeitos ultraestruturais em Haemonchus contortus

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic and ultrastructural effects of Calotropis procera latex on Haemonchus contortus. C. procera latex was twice centrifuged at 10,000×g and dialyzed to obtain a fraction rich in proteins, named LP (latex protein), and at 3,000 rpm to obtain a fraction rich in secondary metabolites, named LNP (latex non-protein). Specimens of H. contortus exposed to LNP, LP and PBS in the Adult Worm Motility Test (AWMT) were submitted to scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy to verify changes in their ultrastructure. Phytochemical tests in the LNP indicated the presence of phenols, steroids, alkaloids and cardenolides. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) characterized the presence of the compounds gallic acid and quercetin in the LNP. The protein content in the LP was 43.1 ± 1.1 mg/mL and 7.7 ± 0.3 mg/mL in LNP. In AWMT, LNP and LP inhibited the motility of 100% of the nematodes, with LNP being more effective than LP and ivermectin more effective than both (p <0.05). Cuticle changes were observed by SEM and TEM in nematodes treated with LP and LNP. Calotropis procera latex has anthelmintic effects against H. contortus, causing damage to its cuticle and other alterations in its ultrastructure.

Keywords:
Anthelmintic; nematode; cuticle; latex protein; secondary metabolites

	Concentration (mg/mL)	3h	6h	12h	24h
LNP	1.0	79.2 ± 17.2 ^B	100.0 ± 0.0 ^A	100.0 ± 0.0 ^A	100.0 ± 0.0 ^A
	0.5	58.3 ± 29.5 ^C	91.7 ± 15.4 ^A	100.0 ± 0.0 ^A	100.0 ± 0.0 ^A
	0.25	16.7 ± 17.8 ^D	37.5 ± 11.8 ^B	95.8 ± 11.8 ^A	100.0 ± 0.0 ^A
	0.12	0.0 ± 0.0 ^D	8.3 ± 15.4 ^C	37.5 ± 11.8 ^B	100.0 ± 0.0 ^A
	0.06	0.0 ± 0.0 ^D	0.0 ± 0.0 ^C	8.3 ± 15.4 ^C	100.0 ± 0.0 ^A
	EC₅₀ (mg/mL)	0.50	0.27	0.13	-
	1.6	8.3 ± 15.4 ^D	33.3 ± 25.2 ^B	95.8 ± 11.8 ^A	100.0 ± 0.0 ^A
LP	0.8	4.2 ± 11.8 ^D	25.0 ± 23.6 ^BC	50.0 ± 25.2 ^B	100.0 ± 0.0 ^A
	0.4	0.0 ± 0.0 ^D	16.7 ± 17.8 ^BC	54.2 ± 35.4 ^B	100.0 ± 0.0 ^A
	0.2	0.0 ± 0.0 ^D	4.2 ± 11.8 ^C	33.3 ± 25.2 ^BC	83.3 ± 25.2 ^B
	0.1	0.0 ± 0.0 ^D	8.3 ± 15.4 ^C	16.7 ± 17.8 ^C	79.2 ± 17.2 ^B
	EC₅₀ (mg/mL)	6.9	4.4	0.4	^-
PBS	-	0.0 ± 0.0 ^D	0.0 ± 0.0 ^C	0.0 ± 0.0 ^C	4.2 ± 11.8 ^C
Ivermectin	0.1	100.0 ± 0.0 ^A	100.0 ± 0.0 ^A	100.0 ± 0.0 ^A	100.0 ± 0.0 ^A

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: Selene Maia de Morais. E-mail: selenemaiademorais@gmail.com