Primeiro relato de <i>Anisakis</i> sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasitando pato doméstico na Ilha de Marajó, estado do Pará, Brasil

Entre as aves utilizadas para consumo humano, o pato doméstico está bem adaptado às várias condições climáticas. Sua criação é muito difundida devido ao seu fácil manejo. E sua carne é amplamente consumida e apreciada, principalmente na culinária do norte do Brasil. O presente estudo teve como objetivo relatar e identificar taxonomicamente os nematódeos encontrados no esôfago de patos domésticos, criados e comercializados no município de Soure, Ilha de Marajó, estado do Pará, Brasil. E também discutir o seu potencial zoonótico para o homem. As amostras consistiram em 30 espécimes de Cairina moschata domestica analisados. Um total de 258 nematódeos foram recuperados, fortemente fixados na mucosa esofágica dos hospedeiros. As características morfológicas e morfométricas foram compatíveis com as larvas de terceiro estágio de Anisakis.

Palavras-chave:
Amazônia; esôfago; parasitos; patos; nematódeos; Anisakis

Autoria

Elaine Lopes de Carvalho

Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, Belém, PA, BrasilUniversidade Federal Rural da AmazôniaBrasilBelém, PA, BrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil

Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, Belém, PA, BrasilUniversidade Federal Rural da AmazôniaBrasilBelém, PA, BrasilLaboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia – UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4177-9498

Ricardo Luis Sousa Santana

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-1437

Evonnildo Costa Gonçalves

Laboratório de Tecnologia Biomolecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do ParáBrasilBelém, PA, BrasilLaboratório de Tecnologia Biomolecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2221-1995

Raul Henrique da Silva Pinheiro

Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociedade, Natureza e Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, Santarém, PA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Oeste do ParáBrasilSantarém, PA, BrasilPrograma de Pós-graduação em Sociedade, Natureza e Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA, Santarém, PA, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3221-5017

Elane Guerreiro Giese ^**Corresponding author: Elane Guerreiro Giese. E-mail: elane.giese@ufra.edu.br

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-1334

*Corresponding author: Elane Guerreiro Giese. E-mail: elane.giese@ufra.edu.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras

Figuras (5)

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Figure 1
Collection locality of Cairina moschata domestica in municipality of Soure, Marajó Island, State of Pará, Brazil.

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Figure 2
Macroscopic observation of the esophagus of Cairina moschata domestica: (a) Presence of Anisakis sp. third-stage larvae in the early portion of the esophagus. Bar = 2 cm; (b) Esophageal opening in longitudinal section, with several Anisakis sp. third-stage larvae attached to the esophageal mucosa. Bar = 2 cm.

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Figure 3
Light microscopy of Anisakis sp. (L3 larvae) parasite of Cairina moschata domestica: (a) Lateral view of the cephalic region showing evidence a pointed tooth (pt), nerve ring (nr), esophagus (es) and ventricle (ve). Bar = 200 μm; (b) Detail of pointed tooth (pt), excretory pore (ep), nerve ring (nr) and cuticle with delicate transversal striations. Bar = 50 μm; (c) Posterior portion showing: intestine (in), rectum (r), rectal glands (*), anus (an) and the tail with mucron (mu). Bar = 50 μm.

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Figure 4
Photomicrography by scanning electron microscope of Anisakis sp. parasite of Cairina moschata domestica: (a) Dorso-lateral view of the cephalic region showing a pointed tooth (pt), deirid (de) and cuticle with delicate transversal striations. Bar = 50 μm; (b) Anterior end with three undeveloped lips (l) and four cephalic papillae, two on the dorsal lip (Arrowhead), oral opening oval (*). Bar = 20 μm; (c) Ventral view of excretory pore (ep) opening beneath the pointed tooth and cephalic papillae one on each ventro-lateral lip (Arrowhead). Bar = 20 μm. (d) Anus (an) and tail conical with mucron present (mu). Bar = 20 μm.

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Figure 5
Cycle proposal for occurrence of Anisakis sp. Cairina moschata domestica parasite on Marajó Island, state of Pará. (a) Adult nematodes reside in the stomach and intestines of aquatic mammals and eliminate non-embryonated eggs along with feces in the water; b-b1) Eggs in contact with water become embryos and develop into first-stage larva (L1), which hatch into a second-stage larva (L2) that actively swims; b2) Larvae are ingested by crustaceans (1st Intermediate Host), where they develop into third-stage larvae (L3) (infective stage); c) When fish ingested contaminated crustaceans, they become the second intermediate host (*), the L3 migrate to the muscle tissue in which they live; d) Piscivorous aquatic mammals may act as definitive hosts, starting the cycle again; d1) Humans may act as accidental hosts, being infected by eating raw or undercooked meat from infected fish; (d2) Muscovy ducks (paratenic host) are infected by ingesting the viscera of fish infected with L3, made available by fishermen when they are cleaning the fish for consumption. e) Humans may be infected by eating raw or undercooked meat from ducks accidentally infected with L3; e1) Aquatic and terrestrial mammals act as definitive hosts when they feed on these birds, which could be a hypothesis to maintain the Anisakis cycle on the island.

Figure 1 Collection locality of Cairina moschata domestica in municipality of Soure, Marajó Island, State of Pará, Brazil.

Figure 2 Macroscopic observation of the esophagus of Cairina moschata domestica: (a) Presence of Anisakis sp. third-stage larvae in the early portion of the esophagus. Bar = 2 cm; (b) Esophageal opening in longitudinal section, with several Anisakis sp. third-stage larvae attached to the esophageal mucosa. Bar = 2 cm.

Figure 3 Light microscopy of Anisakis sp. (L3 larvae) parasite of Cairina moschata domestica: (a) Lateral view of the cephalic region showing evidence a pointed tooth (pt), nerve ring (nr), esophagus (es) and ventricle (ve). Bar = 200 μm; (b) Detail of pointed tooth (pt), excretory pore (ep), nerve ring (nr) and cuticle with delicate transversal striations. Bar = 50 μm; (c) Posterior portion showing: intestine (in), rectum (r), rectal glands (*), anus (an) and the tail with mucron (mu). Bar = 50 μm.

Figure 4 Photomicrography by scanning electron microscope of Anisakis sp. parasite of Cairina moschata domestica: (a) Dorso-lateral view of the cephalic region showing a pointed tooth (pt), deirid (de) and cuticle with delicate transversal striations. Bar = 50 μm; (b) Anterior end with three undeveloped lips (l) and four cephalic papillae, two on the dorsal lip (Arrowhead), oral opening oval (*). Bar = 20 μm; (c) Ventral view of excretory pore (ep) opening beneath the pointed tooth and cephalic papillae one on each ventro-lateral lip (Arrowhead). Bar = 20 μm. (d) Anus (an) and tail conical with mucron present (mu). Bar = 20 μm.

Figure 5 Cycle proposal for occurrence of Anisakis sp. Cairina moschata domestica parasite on Marajó Island, state of Pará. (a) Adult nematodes reside in the stomach and intestines of aquatic mammals and eliminate non-embryonated eggs along with feces in the water; b-b1) Eggs in contact with water become embryos and develop into first-stage larva (L1), which hatch into a second-stage larva (L2) that actively swims; b2) Larvae are ingested by crustaceans (1st Intermediate Host), where they develop into third-stage larvae (L3) (infective stage); c) When fish ingested contaminated crustaceans, they become the second intermediate host (), the L3 migrate to the muscle tissue in which they live; d) Piscivorous aquatic mammals may act as definitive hosts, starting the cycle again; d1) Humans may act as accidental hosts, being infected by eating raw or undercooked meat from infected fish; (d2) Muscovy ducks (paratenic host) are infected by ingesting the viscera of fish infected with L3, made available by fishermen when they are cleaning the fish for consumption. e) Humans may be infected by eating raw or undercooked meat from ducks accidentally infected with L3; e1) Aquatic and terrestrial mammals act as definitive hosts when they feed on these birds, which could be a hypothesis to maintain the Anisakis* cycle on the island.

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Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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Primeiro relato de <i>Anisakis</i> sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) parasitando pato doméstico na Ilha de Marajó, estado do Pará, Brasil

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[1] *Corresponding author: Elane Guerreiro Giese. E-mail: elane.giese@ufra.edu.br