Practices employed by veterinary practitioners for controlling canine gastrointestinal helminths and ectoparasites

Vale, Tássia Lopes do; Sousa, Isabella Chaves; Tavares, Caio Pavão; Silva, Naylene Carvalho; Luz, Hermes Ribeiro; Gomes, Matheus Nobate; Sargison, Neil; Costa-Junior, Livio Martins

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612021079

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Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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Original Article • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 30 (4) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612021079 copy

Practices employed by veterinary practitioners for controlling canine gastrointestinal helminths and ectoparasites

Práticas realizadas por veterinários para controle de helmintos gastrintestinais e ectoparasitos de cães

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The present study attempted to evaluate the practical experience and methods employed by Brazilian veterinary practitioners for control of parasites. Twenty-one questions were asked of 403 veterinary practitioners based in different climatic zones with reference to parasite epidemiology from the country. Administration of a combination of drugs at three-month intervals was the most common regime recommended for prophylaxis against gastrointestinal helminths, with a single treatment repeated after 15 days. Routine prophylaxis against dog ectoparasites was recommended by 82.4% veterinary practitioners, and 46.6% changed the drug compound used. Monthly prophylaxic treatments for ectoparasites, using systemic, topical and/or collar-impregnated drugs, was recommended by 21.5% veterinary practitioners. Side-effects of ectoparasiticide-impregnated collars were suspected by 58% of the veterinary practitioners. Isoxazolines were the most frequently used chemical group to treat ectoparasites in dogs. Poor efficacy of fipronil in controlling ticks was suspected by 79.5% of the veterinary practitioners. The isoxazolines and combination of anthelmintic compounds are the most common drugs to prevent or treat ectoparasites and gastrointestinal nematodes, respectively. The suspect of the inefficacy of antiparasitic drugs is shared among the veterinary practitioners from part of Brazil. Guidelines are needed, specifically for the control of gastrointestinal helminths and ectoparasites in Brazilian dogs.

Keywords:
Gastrointestinal nematodes; ectoparasites; dogs; antiparasitic drugs; control strategies

Chemical group / compound	Recommended ¹ 1 Recommendations based on a total of 495 responses (multiple responses were allowed);	Suspect inefficacy ² 2 Suspicion of inefficacy based on a total of 88 responses (multiple responses were allowed).
Benzimidazoles	14.3 (71)^B	28.4 (25)^A
Albendazole	5.1 (25)^c,d	8.0 (7)^a
Fenbendazole	2.2 (11)^e	8.0 (7)^a
Febantel	4.2 (21)^d,e	2.3 (2)^b
Mebendazole	2.8 (14)^e	10.2 (9)^a,b
Pyrazinoisoquinoline	7.9 (39)^C	9.1 (8)^C
Praziquantel	7.9 (39)^c	9.1 (8)^a,b
Pyrimidine	2.2 (11)^D	10.2 (9)^C
Pyrantel	2.2 (11)^e	10.2 (9)^a,b
Macrocyclic lactone	7.9 (39)^C	12.5 (11)^B,C
Ivermectin	5.7 (28)^c,d	10.2 (9)^a,b
Milbemycin oxime	2.2 (11)^e	2.3 (2)^b
Combinations	62.2 (308)^A	23.9 (21)^A,B
Praziquantel+Febantel	4.0 (20)^d,e	-
Praziquantel+Febendazole	2.2 (11)^e	-
Praziquantel+Pyrantel	7.9 (39)^c	8.0 (7)^a,b
Praziquantel+Pyrantel+Febantel	25.3 (125)^a	9.1 (8)^a,b
Praziquantel+Pyrantel+Fenbendazole	15.6 (77)^b	3.4 (3)^b
Praziquantel+Pyrantel+Febantel+Ivermectin	7.3 (36)^c	3.4 (3)^b
Others	5.5 (27)^c,d,C	15.9 (14)^a,B,C

Regimes	% (n)
Prophylaxis of gastrointestinal helminth
Every month	18.8 (76)^b
Every 3-months	46.1 (186)^a
Every 6-months	21.8 (88)^b
Other (irregular intervals)	13.1 (53)^c

Treatment of gastrointestinal helminth
Treatment and repeat after 15 days	60.7 (245)^a
Treatment for three consecutive days	18.8 (76)^b
Treatment for three consecutive days and repeat after 15 days	8.9 (36)^c
Other (irregular intervals)	10.9 (44)^c
Not answer	0.5 (2)^d

Request laboratory examination
No	52.6 (212)^a
Every 3-months	6.0 (24)^c
Every 6-months	21.1 (85)^b
Once a year	15.9 (64)^b
Other (irregular intervals)	0.5 (2)^d
Not answer	4.0 (16)^c

Chemical group / compound	Recommended1	Suspect inefficacy2
Phenylpyrazol	14.5 (109)^B	79.5 (163)^A
Fipronil	14.5 (109)^c	79.5 (163)^a
Isoxazolines	60.7 (455)^A	3.4 (7)^C
Afoxolaner	14.0 (105)^c	3.4 (7)^c
Fluralaner	26.0 (195)^a	-
Sarolaner	20.7 (155)^b	-
Pyrethroids	4.3 (32)^D	6.3 (13)^B,C
Deltamethrin	2.8 (21)^f,g	2.9 (6)^c
Permethrin	1.5 (11)^h	3.4 (7)^c
Macrocyclic lactone	6.1 (46)^D	-
Ivermectin	1.3 (10)^h	-
Selamectin	4.8 (36)^e	-
Combinations	5.5 (41)^D	-
Imidacloprid, flumethrin	3.6 (27)^e,f	-
Imidacloprid, methoprene	1.9 (14)^g,h	-
Others	8.9 (67)^d,C	10.7 (22)^b,B

Regimes	% (n)
Prophylaxis of ectoparasites
Every month	21.5 (87)^a,b
Every 3-months	20.6 (83)^a,b
Every 6-months	17.3 (70)^b
Other (irregular intervals)	23.0 (93)^a
Not answer	17.3 (70)^b

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: Livio Martins Costa-Junior. E-mail: livio.martins@ufma.br